Russia
A global power whose militarization and potential control over critical maritime shipping lanes, like the Northern Passage, are a concern for US strategic interests.
entitydetail.created_at
7/20/2025, 11:37:10 PM
entitydetail.last_updated
7/26/2025, 4:57:46 AM
entitydetail.research_retrieved
7/21/2025, 1:35:36 AM
Summary
Russia, officially the Russian Federation, is the world's largest country by landmass, spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia across eleven time zones. It is home to over 140 million people, making it the most populous country in Europe and ninth most populous globally. Russia's history traces back to the Lower Paleolithic era, with the emergence of East Slavs between the 3rd and 8th centuries CE, leading to the formation of Kievan Rus' in the 9th century, which adopted Orthodox Christianity in 988. The Grand Duchy of Moscow unified Russian lands, culminating in the Tsardom of Russia in 1547 and later expanding into the vast Russian Empire by the early 18th century. The Russian Revolution of 1917 abolished monarchic rule, establishing the Russian SFSR as the world's first socialist state, which then formed the Soviet Union with other republics. The Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialization, played a crucial role in World War II, and engaged in the Cold War with the United States, achieving significant technological milestones like the first satellite and human space expedition. In 1991, the Russian SFSR emerged as the independent Russian Federation, adopting a federal semi-presidential system. Under Vladimir Putin's dominance since the turn of the century, Russia has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism, marked by military involvement in former Soviet states, including the annexation of Ukrainian territories like Crimea. Russia is recognized as a great and regional power, possessing the largest nuclear weapons stockpile and significant military expenditure. Its economy, driven by vast mineral and energy resources, ranks high globally, though the country scores low in international measurements of democracy, human rights, and press freedom, with high perceived corruption. Russia holds permanent membership in the UN Security Council and is a member of various international organizations including the G20, SCO, and BRICS, while also leading post-Soviet organizations like the CIS and CSTO.
Referenced in 2 Documents
Research Data
Extracted Attributes
Type
Country, Federal semi-presidential republic
Capital
Moscow
Land Area
17,098,246 sq km (6,601,670 sq mi)
Population
146,119,928 (as of Wikidata)
Time Zones
11
Coordinates
Point(94.25 66.416666666)
Economy Type
High-income, industrialized, emerging and developing
Official Name
Russian Federation
GDP (PPP) Rank
4th largest globally (Wikipedia), 6th largest globally (DBPedia)
Democracy Index
Low
Geographic Span
Eastern Europe and Northern Asia
GDP (Nominal) Rank
11th largest globally
Human Rights Index
Low
Global Power Status
Great power, Regional power
Press Freedom Index
Low
Second Largest City
Saint Petersburg
Natural Gas Reserves
Largest in the world
Perceived Corruption
High
Key Economic Resources
Vast mineral and energy resources (natural gas, petroleum, coal, oil shale)
Population Rank (Europe)
Most populous
Population Rank (Global)
9th most populous
Dominant Political Figure
Vladimir Putin
Military Expenditure Rank
3rd highest globally (Wikipedia), 5th highest globally (DBPedia)
Nuclear Weapons Stockpile
Largest in the world
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
32 (Wikipedia), 30 (DBPedia)
Oil and Natural Gas Production Rank
2nd largest globally
Timeline
- Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the Lower Paleolithic era. (Source: Wikipedia)
0000-00-00
- The East Slavs emerged as a recognized group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries CE. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)
0200-01-01
- Kievan Rus', the first East Slavic state, arose. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)
0800-01-01
- Kievan Rus' adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)
0988-01-01
- The Tsardom of Russia was proclaimed; Grand Prince Ivan IV of Moscow (Ivan the Terrible) was the first ruler to be proclaimed Tsar. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia, BBC News)
1547-01-01
- Peter the Great introduces far-reaching reforms (period 1689-1725). (Source: BBC News)
1689-01-01
- Russia vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration, developing into the Russian Empire by the early 18th century. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia, Web Search)
1700-01-01
- Russia takes part in European coalitions against Revolutionary and Napoleonic France (period 1798-1815), defeating Napoleon's invasion in 1812. (Source: BBC News)
1798-01-01
- Russia suffers setback in attempt to seize territory from declining Ottoman Empire through its defeat in Crimean War (period 1853-1857). (Source: BBC News)
1853-01-01
- The Russian Revolution abolished monarchic rule, establishing the Russian SFSR as the world's first constitutionally socialist state. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia, Web Search)
1917-01-01
- Following the Russian Civil War, the Russian SFSR established the Soviet Union with three other Soviet republics. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)
1917-01-01
- The Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialization. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)
1930-01-01
- The Soviet Union played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)
1939-09-01
- With the onset of the Cold War, the Soviet Union competed with the United States for ideological dominance and international influence. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)
1947-03-12
- The Soviet era of the 20th century saw significant Russian technological achievements, including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)
1957-10-04
- The Russian SFSR emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as the independent Russian Federation. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, Wikidata, DBPedia, Web Search)
1991-12-25
- Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin, under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and become an authoritarian dictatorship. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)
2000-01-01
- Russia was militarily involved in a war with Georgia. (Source: Wikipedia)
2008-08-07
- Russia joined the World Trade Organization (WTO). (Source: Web Search)
2012-08-22
- Russia's war with Ukraine began, involving the internationally unrecognized annexation of Crimea. (Source: Summary, Related Document, Wikipedia, DBPedia)
2014-02-20
- The oil price slump ended Russia's long run of prosperity. (Source: BBC News)
2014-01-01
- Russia annexed four other regions from Ukraine during an ongoing invasion. (Source: Wikipedia, DBPedia)
2022-09-30
- The Kremlin unveiled an anti-Western foreign policy strategy, defining Russia as a 'unique country-civilization and a vast Eurasian and Euro-Pacific power'. (Source: BBC News)
2023-01-01
Wikipedia
View on WikipediaRussia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the largest country in the world, and extends across eleven time zones, sharing land borders with fourteen countries. With over 140 million people, Russia is the most populous country in Europe and the ninth-most populous in the world. It is a highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and cultural centre. Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the Lower Paleolithic. The East Slavs emerged as a recognised group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries CE. The first East Slavic state, Kievan Rus', arose in the 9th century, and in 988, it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire. Kievan Rus' ultimately disintegrated; the Grand Duchy of Moscow led the unification of Russian lands, leading to the proclamation of the Tsardom of Russia in 1547. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers, developing into the Russian Empire, which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in 1917, Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR—the world's first constitutionally socialist state. Following the Russian Civil War, the Russian SFSR established the Soviet Union with three other Soviet republics, within which it was the largest and principal constituent. The Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialisation in the 1930s, amidst the deaths of millions under Joseph Stalin's rule, and later played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War, it competed with the United States for ideological dominance and international influence. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements, including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. In 1991, the Russian SFSR emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as the Russian Federation. A new constitution was adopted, which established a federal semi-presidential system. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin, under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and become an authoritarian dictatorship. Russia has been militarily involved in a number of conflicts in former Soviet states and other countries, including its war with Georgia in 2008 and its war with Ukraine since 2014. The latter has involved the internationally unrecognised annexations of Ukrainian territory, including Crimea in 2014 and four other regions in 2022, during an ongoing invasion. Russia is generally considered a great power and is a regional power, possessing the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and having the third-highest military expenditure in the world. It has a high-income economy, which is the eleventh-largest in the world by nominal GDP and fourth-largest by PPP, relying on its vast mineral and energy resources, which rank as the second-largest in the world for oil and natural gas production. However, Russia ranks very low in international measurements of democracy, human rights and freedom of the press, and also has high levels of perceived corruption. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council; a member state of the G20, SCO, BRICS, APEC, OSCE, and WTO; and the leading member state of post-Soviet organisations such as CIS, CSTO, and EAEU. Russia is home to 32 UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Web Search Results
- Russia - Wikipedia
Russia,[\[b\]]( or the Russian Federation,[\[c\]]( is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the largest country in the world, and extends across eleven time zones; sharing land borders with fourteen countries.[\[d\]]( Russia is the most populous country in Europe and the ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the [...] Russia is generally considered a great power and is a regional power, possessing the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and having the third-highest military expenditure in the world. It has a high-income economy, which is the eleventh-largest in the world "List of countries by GDP (nominal)") by nominal GDP and fourth-largest "List of countries by GDP (PPP)") by PPP, relying on its vast mineral and energy resources; which rank as the second-largest in the world for oil and natural gas [...] 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers, developing into the Russian Empire, which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in 1917, Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR—the world's first constitutionally socialist state. Following the Russian Civil War, the Russian SFSR established the Soviet Union with three other Soviet republics, within
- Russia | History, Flag, Population, Map, President, & Facts | Britannica
Russia, country that stretches over a vast expanse of eastern Europe and northern Asia. Once the preeminent republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.; commonly known as the Soviet Union), Russia became an independent country after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. Image 29: Russia Russia(more) [...] Russia is bounded to the north and east by the Arctic and Pacific oceans, and it has small frontages in the northwest on the Baltic Sea at St. Petersburg and at the detached Russian _oblast_ (region) of Kaliningrad (a part of what was once East Prussia annexed in 1945), which also abuts Poland and Lithuania. To the south Russia borders North Korea, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. To the southwest and west it borders Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, and Estonia, as well as [...] Russia is a land of superlatives. By far the world’s largest country, it covers nearly twice the territory of Canada, the second largest. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and the eastern third of Europe, spanning 11 time zones and incorporating a great range of environments and landforms, from deserts to semiarid steppes to deep forests and Arctic tundra. Russia contains Europe’s longest river, the Volga, and its largest lake, Ladoga. Russia also is home to the world’s deepest lake,
- Russia – World Regional Geography - Pressbooks.pub
Russia is the largest country in the world, containing 1/8 of the entire world’s land area (see Figure 3.1). Russia is also the northernmost large and populous country in the world, with much of the country lying above the Arctic Circle. Its population, however, is comparatively small with around 143 million people, the majority of whom live south of the 60 degree latitude line and in the western portions of Russia near Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Russia stretches across eleven time zones, [...] Because of its large size, Russia has a wide variety of natural features and resources. The country is located on the northeastern portion of the Eurasian landmass. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Pacific Ocean, and to the south, by the Black and Caspian Seas. The Ural Mountains, running north to south, traditionally form the boundary between Europe and Asia and presented a formidable historical barrier to development. Culturally and physiographically, [...] Russia’s status as an “empire” dates back to the 1700s under the rule of Peter the Great. Peter was able to conquer Russia’s northwestern regions, establishing eastern seaports and founding the forward capital of Saint Petersburg along the Baltic Sea. A forward capital is a capital that has been intentionally relocated, generally because of economic or strategic reasons, and is often positioned on the edge of contested territory. Overall, the reforms of Peter the Great transformed the country
- Russia country profile - BBC News
# Russia country profile This page is no longer being updated. It was last updated on 25 March 2024 Map of Russia Russia - the largest country on earth - emerged from a decade of post-Soviet economic and political turmoil to seek to reassert itself as a world power. Income from vast natural resources, above all oil and gas, helped Russia overcome the economic collapse of 1998, but the oil price slump of 2014 ended the long run of prosperity. [...] 1547 - Grand Prince Ivan IV of Moscow (Ivan the Terrible) is the first ruler to be proclaimed Tsar of Russia. 1689-1725 - Peter the Great introduces far-reaching reforms. 1798-1815 - Russia takes part in the European coalitions against Revolutionary and Napoleonic France, defeating Napoleon's invasion in 1812 and contributing to his overthrow. 1853-57 - Russia suffers setback in attempt to seize territory from declining Ottoman Empire through its defeat in Crimean War. [...] In 2023, the Kremlin unveiled an anti-Western foreign policy strategy, defining Russia as a "unique country-civilization and a vast Eurasian and Euro-Pacific power" seeking closer relations with China, India, the Islamic world, Latin America and southern Africa, in opposition to the US and its allies. Read more country profiles, external - Profiles by BBC Monitoring, external ## RUSSIAN FEDERATION: FACTS Capital: Moscow Area: 17,098,246 sq km Population: 147.1 million
- Economy of Russia - Wikipedia
Russia has large amounts of energy resources throughout its vast landmass, particularly natural gas and petroleum, which play a crucial role in its energy self-sufficiency and exports.( The country has been widely described as an energy superpower;( with it having the largest natural gas reserves in the world,( the second-largest coal reserves,( the eighth-largest oil reserves,( and the largest oil shale reserves in Europe.( Russia is the world's leading natural gas exporter,( the [...] The economy of Russia is an emerging and developing,( industrialized,( economy.( It has the eleventh-largest economy "List of countries by GDP (nominal)") in the world by nominal GDP and the fourth-largest economy "List of countries by GDP (PPP)") by GDP (PPP).( Due to a volatile currency exchange rate, its GDP measured in nominal terms fluctuates sharply.( Russia was the last major economy to join the World Trade Organization (WTO), becoming a member in 2012.( [...] Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia underwent a radical transformation, moving from a centrally planned economy to a globally integratedmarket economy. Corrupt and haphazard privatization processes turned over major state-owned firms to politically connected "oligarchs", which has left equity ownership highly concentrated.
Wikidata
View on WikidataImage
Country
Instance Of
Population
146,119,928Coordinates
Inception Date
12/25/1991
DBPedia
View on DBPediaRussia (Russian: Россия, Rossiya, [rɐˈsʲijə]), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering 17,098,246 square kilometres (6,601,670 sq mi), and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across eleven time zones and shares land boundaries with fourteen countries, more than any other country but China. It is the world's ninth-most populous country and Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. The country's capital and largest city is Moscow, the largest city entirely within Europe. Saint Petersburg is Russia's cultural centre and second-largest city. Other major urban areas include Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan. The East Slavs emerged as a recognisable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries CE. Kievan Rus' arose as a state in the 9th century, and in 988, it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers, developing into the Russian Empire, which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in 1917, Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and replaced by the Russian SFSR—the world's first constitutionally socialist state. Following the Russian Civil War, the Russian SFSR established the Soviet Union (with three other Soviet republics), within which it was the largest and principal constituent. At the expense of millions of lives, the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialization in the 1930s, and later played a decisive role for the Allies of World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War, it competed with the United States for global ideological influence; the Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements, including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. In 1991, the Russian SFSR emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as the independent Russian Federation. A new constitution was adopted, and Russia has since been governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin, under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been involved militarily in a number of post-Soviet states, which has included the internationally unrecognised annexations of Crimea in 2014 from neighbouring Ukraine and four other regions in 2022 during an ongoing invasion. International rankings of Russia place it low in measurements of human rights and freedom of the press; the country also has high levels of perceived corruption. Ranked worldwide, the Russian economy stands at the ninth-largest by nominal GDP and the sixth-largest by GDP (PPP). Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons, and has the fifth-highest military expenditure. Its mineral and energy sources are the world's largest, and its figures for oil production and natural gas production rank high globally. The country is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council; a member state of the G20, the SCO, BRICS, the APEC, the OSCE, and the WTO; and is the leading member state of the CIS, the CSTO, and the EAEU. Russia is home to 30 UNESCO World Heritage Sites.