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Microsoft's flagship operating system, which now has Co-pilot integrated into the desktop.

AI models running on personal hardware rather than the cloud.

The idea that large language models will become a widely available, standardized component rather than a unique competitive advantage. Nadella compares this to the evolution of the database market.

A business approach focused on creating an ecosystem where other companies can build valuable products and services. Nadella emphasizes this as a core part of Microsoft's and the American tech stack's success.

A company founded by David Sacks that was acquired by Microsoft. It was known for using consumer growth tactics in the enterprise software space.

A subsidiary of Microsoft used by Nadella as an example of how organizational structures are changing in the age of AI, by combining roles like product managers and engineers into 'full stack builders.'

Code repository platform experiencing massive growth in code commits due to AI coding tools.

Microsoft's cloud platform, historically OpenAI's sole CSP partner.

Microsoft's brand of AI assistants, integrated into products like GitHub and Windows, representing the company's primary AI product strategy.

Work that is primarily cognitive and information-based. Nadella describes the current AI-driven shift as the biggest change in knowledge work since the advent of the PC.

The process by which businesses integrate new AI technologies, which Nadella believes will happen through both top-down strategic projects and bottom-up employee-led initiatives.

A concept emphasized by Nadella, arguing that the true benefit of a general-purpose technology like AI comes from its widespread adoption and intense use across all sectors of the economy.