NIH

PoliticalEntity

The National Institutes of Health. Proposed budget cuts to the NIH are discussed, with questions raised about the ROI of its grant distribution and whether it fosters a 'backscratching' culture among academics.


First Mentioned

9/29/2025, 5:01:46 AM

Last Updated

9/29/2025, 5:09:00 AM

Research Retrieved

9/29/2025, 5:09:00 AM

Summary

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary U.S. federal agency dedicated to biomedical and public health research, founded in 1887 and operating under the Department of Health and Human Services. With major facilities in Bethesda, Maryland, and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, the NIH conducts research through its Intramural Research Program (IRP), the world's largest biomedical research institution, and funds external research via its Extramural Research Program, which provided 28% of U.S. biomedical research funding in 2003. NIH's basic research has contributed to every new drug approved by the FDA between 2010 and 2016, and its scientific achievements include the discovery of fluoride for tooth decay prevention and the development of vaccines for hepatitis, Haemophilus influenzae, and human papillomavirus. In 2012, the NIH consisted of 27 specialized institutes and centers, and in 2019, it was ranked second globally for biomedical sciences by the Nature Index. While the NIH plays a crucial role in research, its funding efficiency has been questioned, and its regulations are noted to influence pharmaceutical advertising, alongside broader industry concerns like counterfeit products from China and the investment climate for biotech venture capital.

Referenced in 1 Document
Research Data
Extracted Attributes
  • Role

    Primary U.S. federal agency for biomedical and public health research

  • Type

    Political Entity

  • Mission

    Enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce the burdens of illness and disability

  • Founding Year

    1887

  • Parent Agency

    U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

  • Overall Budget

    In excess of $28 billion

  • Headquarters Location

    Bethesda, Maryland, United States

  • Scientific Achievement

    Development of vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV)

  • Other Major Facilities Location

    Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States

  • Intramural Research Program (IRP) Size (2013)

    1,200 principal investigators, 4,000+ postdoctoral fellows

Timeline
  • Founded as the Laboratory of Hygiene at the Marine Hospital in Staten Island, NY. (Source: summary, Wikipedia, web_search_results)

    1887-XX-XX

  • The Laboratory of Hygiene moved to Washington, D.C. (Source: web_search_results)

    1891-XX-XX

  • Expanded and designated as the National Institutes of Health by the Ransdell Act of Congress. (Source: web_search_results)

    1930-XX-XX

  • Extramural Research Program provided 28% of U.S. biomedical research funding, approximately US$26.4 billion. (Source: summary, Wikipedia)

    2003-XX-XX

  • Basic research by NIH contributed to every new drug approved by the Federal Drug Administration between 2010 and 2016. (Source: summary, Wikipedia)

    2010-XX-XX

  • Comprised 27 separate institutes and centers. (Source: summary, Wikipedia, web_search_results)

    2012-XX-XX

  • Intramural Research Program had 1,200 principal investigators and over 4,000 postdoctoral fellows. (Source: Wikipedia)

    2013-XX-XX

  • Ranked number two globally for biomedical sciences in the Nature Index. (Source: summary, Wikipedia)

    2019-XX-XX

National Institutes of Health

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States federal government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in 1887 and is part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Many NIH facilities are located in Bethesda, Maryland, and other nearby suburbs of the Washington metropolitan area, with other primary facilities in Research Triangle Park in North Carolina and smaller satellite facilities located around the United States. The NIH conducts its scientific research through the NIH Intramural Research Program (IRP) and provides significant biomedical research funding to non-NIH research facilities through its Extramural Research Program. As of 2013, the IRP had 1,200 principal investigators and more than 4,000 postdoctoral fellows in basic, translational, and clinical research, being the largest biomedical research institution in the world, while, as of 2003, the extramural arm provided 28% of biomedical research funding spent annually in the U.S., or about US$26.4 billion. Basic research by the NIH contributed to every new drug approved by the Federal Drug Administration over the period 2010–2016. The NIH is responsible for many scientific accomplishments, including the discovery of fluoride to prevent tooth decay, the use of lithium to manage bipolar disorder, and the creation of vaccines against hepatitis, Haemophilus influenzae (HIB), and human papillomavirus (HPV). In 2012, the NIH comprised 27 separate institutes and centers of different biomedical disciplines. In 2019, the NIH was ranked number two in the world, behind Harvard University, for biomedical sciences in the Nature Index, which measured the largest contributors to papers published in a subset of leading journals from 2015 to 2018.

Web Search Results
  • National Institutes of Health - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

    The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary federal biomedical research agency in the United States; its goals are to improve national health through discovery and innovation, foster resources that prevent disease, expand the biomedical knowledge base, and to promote high-level scientific conduct. These goals support NIH’s mission to “enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce the burdens of illness and disability” through supporting and conducting scientific research. [...] The National Institutes of Health (NIH), a part of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), is the primary federal agency for supporting medical research. It has a budget in excess of $28 billion and awards grants as well as research and development (R&D) contracts to researchers at universities, medical schools and other research institutions. NIH senior employees, including the NIH director and the directors of NIH's 27 institutes and centers, provide leadership for NIH scientific [...] The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the largest government-funded medical research institution in the world. Its origins trace back to the Laboratory of Hygiene at the Marine Hospital in Staten Island, NY. The laboratory was created by Congress in 1887 to study cholera, yellow fever, and other infectious diseases of returning U.S. sailors [1,2]. In 1891 the Laboratory moved to Washington, D.C., and in 1930 was expanded and designated by the Ransdell Act of Congress as the National

  • About NIH | National Institutes of Health (NIH)

    The National Institutes of Health (NIH), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the nation’s medical research agency—making important discoveries that improve health and save lives. Who We Are [...] Image Image 7: Building One on the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland NIH is made up of 27 Institutes and Centers, each with a specific research agenda, often focusing on particular diseases or body systems. The NIH headquarters, known as the “NIH campus,” are located in Bethesda, Maryland. The NIH Director NIH Leadership Organization Voices of the NIH Community History What We Do [...] About NIH | National Institutes of Health (NIH) Skip to main content Image 1: U.S. flag An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Here’s how you know Image 2: Dot gov Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Image 3: Https Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock () or means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

  • Definition of NIH - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms

    A federal agency in the U.S. that conducts biomedical research in its own laboratories; supports the research of non-Federal scientists in universities, medical schools, hospitals, and research institutions throughout the country and abroad; helps in the training of research investigators; and fosters communication of medical information. Access the NIH Web site at Also called National Institutes of Health. ###### Search NCI's Dictionary of Cancer Terms Starts with Contains [...] Definition of NIH - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms - NCI Skip to main content An official website of the United States government Español Image 1: National Cancer Institute Home Page Menu Search Search About Cancer Cancer Types Research Grants & Training News & Events About NCI 1. Home 2. Publications 3. NCI Dictionaries 4. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms [...] Enter your email address Enter a valid email address Sign up National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health Contact Us Live Chat 1-800-4-CANCER NCIinfo@nih.gov Site Feedback Follow us []( []( []( []( []( U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesNational Institutes of HealthNational Cancer InstituteUSA.gov

  • National Institutes of Health (NIH) |

    The National Institutes of Health (NIH), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the nation’s medical research agency — making important discoveries that improve health and save lives. + Take the Virtual Tour + The NIH Director + Funding for Research + Labs at NIH + Impact of NIH Research + Jobs at NIH ## Featured Resources & Initiatives Image [...] Explore NIH’s groundbreaking initiatives and programs that are advancing biomedical research, accelerating scientific discovery, and improving health for all Americans. + Clinical Trials + Training at NIH + RECOVER + NIH HEAL Initiative + Accelerating Medicines Partnership + Medical Research Initiatives An official website of the Department of Health and Human Services Looking for U.S. government information and services? Visit USA.gov [...] An official website of the United States government Here’s how you know Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock () or means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. ## September is National Recovery Month Learn about treatments to help people recover from alcohol use disorder. Learn more

  • National Institutes of Health (NIH) | USAGov

    The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary Federal agency for conducting and supporting medical research. ## Website National Institutes of Health ## Contact Contact the National Institutes of Health Email the National Institutes of Health ## Phone number 1-301-496-4000 ## TTY 1-301-402-9612 ## Find an office near you Find a healthcare provider ## Main address 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20892 SHARE THIS PAGE: Top [...] An official website of the United States government Here's how you know Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( ) or means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Español # National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Location Data

National Institutes of Health, 9000, Rockville Pike, Locust Hill Estates, Pooks Hill, Bethesda, Montgomery County, Maryland, 20892, United States

research institute

Coordinates: 39.0000142, -77.1040039

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