Ethiopia

Extracted Attributes

• Currency

  Ethiopian Birr (ETB)

• Land Area

  1,104,300 square kilometers

• Population

  135,000,000 people (2025 estimate)

• Arable Land

  513,000 square kilometers (45% of total area)

• Capital City

  Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

• Lowest Point

  Danakil Depression (100 meters below sea level)

• Highest Point

  Ras Dashen (4,620 meters)

• Literacy Rate

  60%

• Official Name

  Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

• GDP per capita

  925 USD (2021)

• Human Development Index

  0.498 (2021)

Timeline

• The Kingdom of D'mt extends its realm over Eritrea and northern Ethiopia. (Source: Wikipedia)

  0980-01-01

• Christianity arrives in the Kingdom of Aksum. (Source: Wikipedia)

  0330-01-01

• Islam influences the region during the first Hijra. (Source: Wikipedia)

  0615-01-01

• Yekuno Amlak overthrows the Zagwe dynasty at the Battle of Ansata, founding the Ethiopian Empire. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1270-01-01

• The Ethiopian-Adal War begins, contributing to the fragmentation of the empire. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1529-01-01

• Emperor Tewodros II ends the Zemene Mesafint, marking the reunification and modernization of Ethiopia. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1855-01-01

• Fascist Italy invades and annexes Ethiopia, forming Italian East Africa. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1936-01-01

• The British Army occupies Ethiopia during World War II. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1941-01-01

• Full sovereignty is restored to Ethiopia. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1944-01-01

• The Derg military junta deposes Emperor Haile Selassie, ending the Solomonic dynasty rule. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1974-01-01

• The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) takes power following the dissolution of the Derg. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1991-01-01

• Eritrea secedes from Ethiopia, leaving Ethiopia landlocked. (Source: Britannica)

  1993-01-01

• Ethiopia becomes a full member of the expanded BRICS organization. (Source: Document a340c684-d9d0-4749-ab94-6eb4e3f75a90)

  2024-01-01

Ethiopia

Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west, and Sudan to the northwest. Ethiopia covers a land area of 1,104,300 square kilometres (426,400 sq mi). As of 2025, it has around 135 million inhabitants, making it the 14th-most populous country. The national capital and largest city, Addis Ababa, lies several kilometres west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the African and Somali tectonic plates. Anatomically modern humans emerged from modern-day Ethiopia. In 980 BC, the Kingdom of D'mt extended its realm over Eritrea and the northern region of Ethiopia, while the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region for 900 years. Christianity was arrived to the kingdom in 330 AD, while Islam influenced during the first Hijra in 615. After the collapse of Aksum in 960, the Zagwe dynasty ruled the north-central parts of Ethiopia. The Shewan usurper, Yekuno Amlak overthrown the dynasty in 1270 at the Battle of Ansata, inaugurated the Ethiopian Empire and the Solomonic dynasty – asserting its lineage through Aksumite legitimacy by the biblical Solomon and Queen of Sheba, and Menelik I was the first emperor. By the 14th century, the empire had grown in prestige through territorial expansion and fighting against adjacent territories; most notably, the Ethiopian–Adal War (1529–1543) contributed to fragmentation of the empire, which ultimately fell under a decentralization known as Zemene Mesafint in the mid-18th century. Emperor Tewodros II ended Zemene Mesafint at the beginning of his reign in 1855, marking the reunification and modernization of Ethiopia. Since the late 19th century, it resisted from foreign invasions and expanded its territory under Emperor Menelik II, remaining independent during the Scramble for Africa and forming its current borders. Ethiopia lost its sovereignty in 1936, when Italy under fascism invaded and annexed it with former colony of Eritrea and Somaliland, later forming Italian East Africa. In 1941, during World War II, it was occupied by the British Army, and its full sovereignty was restored in 1944. The Derg, a Soviet-backed military junta, took power in 1974 after deposing Emperor Haile Selassie and the Solomonic dynasty, and ruled the country for nearly 17 years amidst the Ethiopian Civil War. Following the dissolution of the Derg in 1991, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) dominated the country with a new constitution and ethnic-based federalism. Since then, Ethiopia has suffered from prolonged and unsolved inter-ethnic clashes and political instability marked by authoritarianism. From 2018, regional and ethnically based factions carried out armed attacks in multiple ongoing wars throughout Ethiopia. Ethiopia is a multi-ethnic state with over 80 different ethnic groups. Christianity is the most widely professed faith in the country, with the largest denomination being the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, followed by Islam and a small percentage of traditional faiths. The country is a founding member of the UN, the headquarters of the African Union Commission, and many other global non-governmental organizations focused on Africa, also becoming a full member of BRICS in 2024. Ethiopia is one of the least developed countries but is sometimes considered an emerging power, having the fastest economic growth in sub-Saharan African countries because of foreign direct investment in expansion of agricultural and manufacturing industries; agriculture is the country's largest economic sector, accounting for over 37% of the gross domestic product as of 2022. Though the Ethiopian economy has experienced consistent growth, in terms of per capita income and the Human Development Index the country remains among the poorest in Africa. Ethiopia faces numerous challenges, including high rates of poverty, human rights violations, widespread ethnic discrimination, and a literacy rate of 60%.

Web Search Results

• Ethiopia - Wikipedia

  The major portion of Ethiopia lies in the Horn of Africa, which is the easternmost part of the African landmass. The territories that have frontiers with Ethiopia are Eritrea to the north and then, moving in a clockwise direction, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, South Sudan and Sudan. Within Ethiopia is a vast highland complex of mountains and dissected plateaus divided by the Great Rift Valley, which runs generally southwest to northeast and is surrounded by lowlands, steppes, or semi-desert. There is a great diversity of terrain with wide variations in climate, soils, natural vegetation and settlement patterns. [...] Ethiopia is one of the African countries that was a founding member of League of Nations, which served as the predecessor for the United Nations, since 1923. UN taskforces in Ethiopia deal primarily with humanitarian issues and development. Some of its agencies_[which?_] maintain regional ties with United Nations Economic Commission for Africa and the African Union. The UN prioritizes sustainable development in Ethiopia, including fighting poverty, sustainable economic growth, climate change policy, educational and healthcare provisions, increasing employment, and environmental protection.( ### Military Main articles: Ethiopian National Defense Force and Military history of Ethiopia Image 41 Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) training under AMISOM, 2021 [...] Etymology See also: Aethiopia Tradition holds that the name Ethiopia (ኢትዮጵያ) comes from the name of the first King of Ethiopia, Ethiop, or Ethiopis. Ayele Berkerie explains: > According to an Ethiopian tradition, the term Ethiopia is derived from the word Ethiopis, a name of the Ethiopian king, the seventh in the ancestral lines. Metshafe Aksum or the Ethiopian Book of Aksum identifies Itiopis as the twelfth king of Ethiopia and the father of Aksumawi. The Ethiopians pronounce Ethiopia እትዮጵያ with a Sades or the sixth sound እ as in incorporate and the graph ጰ has no equivalent in English or Latin graphs. Ethiopis is believed to be the twelfth direct descendant of Adam. His father is identified as Kush, while his grandfather is known as Kam.(

• Overview About Ethiopia

  Ethiopia is Africa’s oldest independent country and one of the fastest growing economies today. Ethiopia is the second most populous country in Africa with a population of over 115 million. The country succeeded in its economic development registering an annual economic growth rate of 10% over the past 15 years. The main sources of growth and investment in the country are industry, mainly construction and services, agriculture and manufacturing. [...] With a population of about 110.14 million, Ethiopia represents a melting pot of ancient cultures with Middle Eastern and African cultures evident in the religious, ethnic and language composition of its Semitic, Cushitic, Omotic and Nilotic peoples. The Ethiopian peoples comprise about eighty nationalities of which the Amhara and the Oromo constitute the majority, with about 60 percent of the total population. Approximately 85 percent of the population live in the rural areas. The annual population growth rate is about 3.09 percent, and the economically active segment, between ages 14 and 60, is about 50 percent of the total population. Ethiopia is a Federal Democratic Republic composed of 9 National Regional States (NRS) – Tigray, Afar, Amhara, Oromia, Somali, Benishangul-Gumuz, Southern [...] The Land Location: Ethiopia is strategically located in the Horn of Africa, 3′ and 14.8″ latitude 33′ and 48′ longitude bordering Somalia, the Sudan, Djibouti, Kenya and Eritrea with a total border length of 5,311 km. It is the 10th largest country in Africa. The 2nd-most populous country in Africa after Nigeria 100 mts. Below sea level lowest pt 4620 mts the highest pt.. Ras Dashen Its proximity to the Middle East and Europe, together with its easy access to the major ports of the region, enhances its international trade.

• Country profile - Embassy of Ethiopia, – Brussels

  Country Profiles Ethiopia strategically located in the Horn of Africa. Its proximity to the Middle East and Europe, together with its easy access to the major ports of the region, enhances its international trade. Covering an area of approximately 1.14 million square kilometres (444,000 square mile), Ethiopia is bordered by the Sudan on the west, Somalia on the south-east, Djibouti on the east, Eritrea on the north and Kenya on the south. [...] Skip to content Skip to content Facebook Twitter YouTube LinkedIn Instagram Email - English - Nederlands - Français info.brussels@mfa.gov.et +32 2 771 32 94 At a glance Official Name: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Political system: Federal State with multi-party system Capital City: Addis Ababa, which is also the seat of the African Union (AU) and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA). Location: Ethiopia’s location gives it strategic dominance as a jumping off point in the Horn of Africa, close to the Middle East and Europe markets. Area: 1.104 million square kilometres Arable land: 513,000 square kilometres (45%) Irrigated land: 34,200 square kilometres (3%) Population: Estimation ~ 126 million (as of 2023) [...] Topography: Ethiopia has an elevated central plateau varying in height from 2,000 to 3,000 meters above sea level. In the North and center of the country there are some 25 mountains whose peaks reach over 4,000 meters. The most famous Ethiopia river is Blue Nile or Abbay, which flows 1,450 kilometres from its source to join the White Nile at Khartoum. Currency: The currency of Ethiopia is based on the decimal system. The units of currency are the Birr and cents. The Birr is divided into 100 cents. Working hours: Ethiopia is GMT+3. Government office hours are 8:30 am – 12:30 pm and 1:30 pm – 5:30 pm from Monday through Thursday; and 8:30 am to 11:30 and 1:30 pm to 5:30 pm on Fridays. Country Profiles

• History of Ethiopia | Events, People, Dates, Maps, & Facts - Britannica

  history of Ethiopia, a survey of notable events and people in the history of Ethiopia, from the prehistoric era to the present day. Ethiopia is the largest and most populated country in the Horn of Africa. It is also one of the world’s oldest countries (sometimes referred to as Abyssinia in previous historical periods), its territorial extent having varied over the millennia of its existence. In ancient times it remained centerd on Aksum, an imperial capital whose remains are located in the northern part of the modern state, about 100 miles (160 km) from the Red Sea coast. The present territory was consolidated during the 19th and 20th centuries. [...] Ethiopia lies completely within the tropical latitudes. It is also landlocked, having become so following the 1993 secession of Eritrea, its former province along the Red Sea. Ethiopia’s capital city, Addis Ababa, lies near the center of the country. ## From Ethiopia’s prehistory to the Aksumite kingdom That the human lineage is of great antiquity in Ethiopia is indicated by the Hadar remains, a group of skeletal fragments found in the lower Awash River valley. The bone fragments, thought to be 3.4 to 2.9 million years old, belong to Australopithecus afarensis, an apelike creature that may have been an ancestor of modern humans.

• BTI 2024 Ethiopia Country Report

  Ethiopia is a member of the International Competition Network (ICN) and the Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). As part of an effort to promote economic integration, COMESA adopted a competition law regime, establishing the joint Competition Commission in Malawi to address anti-competitive business practices and exert control over mergers. [...] Ethiopia has maintained its position as one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa over the past 15 years, reducing poverty in both rural and urban areas. Ethiopia’s GDP per capita has grown at a relatively fast pace but still remains low compared to other countries. According to World Bank data, Ethiopia’s GDP per capita was approximately $925 in 2021. The HDI score was 0.498 in 2021. [...] Ethiopia is a member of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). In March 2019, Ethiopia signed and ratified the African Continental Free Trade Agreement. Additionally, the country has established special economic zones that provide tax incentives and customs duties exemptions to investors. In August 2022, Ethiopia launched its first free trade zone in Dire Dawa. This initiative is expected to improve trade competitiveness and efficiency, reduce logistics time and costs, attract more foreign direct investment, and promote urbanization and industrialization. The Ministry of Transport and Logistics has proposed plans to build similar free trade zones in other parts of the country. The Council of Ministers ratified