Israel-Hamas War

Extracted Attributes

• Start Date

  2023-10-07

• Hostages Taken

  251

• Key Belligerents

  Israel Defense Forces (IDF), Hamas, Hezbollah, Iran

• Primary Locations

  Gaza Strip, Israel, Lebanon, Syria

• Palestinian Deaths

  Over 70,000

• Palestinian Injuries

  Over 171,000

• Gaza Population Displaced

  Approximately 2.3 million

• Israeli and Foreign National Deaths

  1,195

Timeline

• Hamas leads a surprise attack on Israel, killing 1,195 people and taking 251 hostages. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2023-10-07

• Israel launches a ground invasion of the Gaza Strip following a bombing campaign. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2023-10-27

• A temporary ceasefire is implemented but eventually breaks down. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2023-11-00

• Israeli forces launch the Rafah offensive. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2024-05-00

• Israel begins the siege of North Gaza. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2024-10-00

• A second ceasefire takes effect, involving hostage and prisoner exchanges. (Source: Web Search Results)

  2025-01-00

• Israel launches a surprise attack across Gaza, ending the second ceasefire. (Source: Web Search Results)

  2025-03-18

• A third ceasefire comes into effect following a US-backed peace plan. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2025-10-10

• Hamas releases 20 surviving hostages as part of the first phase of the peace plan. (Source: Web Search Results)

  2025-10-13

• Reports emerge that Israel and Hamas are preparing to resume fighting as the peace deal stalls. (Source: Web Search Results)

  2026-01-10

Gaza war

The Gaza war is an armed conflict in the Gaza Strip and Israel, fought as part of the unresolved Israeli–Palestinian and Gaza–Israel conflicts. The war began on 7 October 2023, when the Palestinian militant group Hamas led a surprise attack on Israel, in which 1,195 Israelis and foreign nationals were killed and 251 were taken hostage. Since the start of the Israeli offensive that followed, over 70,000 Palestinians in Gaza have been killed, almost half of them women and children, and more than 171,000 injured. A study in The Lancet estimated that traumatic injury deaths were undercounted and noting a potentially larger death toll when "indirect" deaths are included. After clearing militants from its territory, Israel launched a bombing campaign and invaded Gaza on 27 October. The Israeli forces launched numerous campaigns, including the Rafah offensive from May 2024, three battles fought around Khan Yunis, and the siege of North Gaza from October 2024, culminating in a 2025 offensive in Gaza City; and have assassinated Hamas leaders in and outside Gaza. A temporary ceasefire in November 2023 broke down, and a second ceasefire in January 2025 ended with a surprise attack by Israel in March. A third ceasefire came into effect on 10 October after Israel and Hamas agreed to phase one of a US-backed peace plan. On 19 October, after alleged Hamas violations, Israel briefly resumed bombing Gaza before reaffirming the ceasefire the same day, doing the same on 28 October. The war has resulted in a humanitarian crisis in Gaza. Israel's tightened blockade cut off basic necessities, causing a severe hunger crisis and imminent to confirmed famine as of October 2025. By early 2025, Israel had caused unprecedented destruction in Gaza and made large parts uninhabitable, leveling entire cities and destroying hospitals, religious and cultural landmarks, educational facilities, agricultural land, and cemeteries. Gazan journalists, health workers, aid workers and other members of civil society have been detained, tortured, and killed. Israel has detained thousands of Palestinians from Gaza and the West Bank without charge since the start of the war. Nearly all of the strip's 2.3 million Palestinian population have been forcibly displaced. Over 100,000 Israelis were internally displaced at the height of the conflict. The first day, October 7, was the deadliest in Israel's history, and the war is the deadliest for Palestinians in the broader conflict. A wide consensus of scholarship has concluded that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza. The UN Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory concluded that four of the five acts of genocide have been committed. A case accusing Israel of genocide is being reviewed by the International Court of Justice. Experts and human rights organizations have also stated that Israel and Hamas have committed other war crimes. Torture and sexual violence have been committed both by Palestinian militant groups and by Israeli forces. Israel has received extensive military and diplomatic support from the United States. The war has reverberated regionally, with Axis of Resistance groups across several Arab countries and Iran clashing with the US and Israel, including the 12-day Iran–Israel war. A year of strikes between Israel and Hezbollah led to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon and ongoing Israeli operations in Syria, and contributed to the fall of the Assad regime. The war continues to have significant regional and international repercussions, with large protests worldwide calling for a ceasefire, as well as a surge of antisemitism and anti-Palestinian racism.

Web Search Results

• Gaza war - Wikipedia

  Since 2007, Israel and Hamas, along with other Palestinian militant groups based in Gaza, have engaged in conflict, including four wars, in 2008–2009 "Gaza War (2008–2009)"), 2012, 2014, and 2021. Combined, these conflicts killed approximately 6,400 Palestinians and 300 Israelis. In 2018–2019, there were large organized protests near the Gaza-Israel border to call for the right to return. The Israel Defense Forces violently suppressed the protests, killing hundreds and injuring thousands of Palestinians by sniper fire. Soon after a short 2021 conflict, Hamas's military wing, the Al-Qassam Brigades, started planning an operation against Israel, which became the 7 October attacks. According to diplomats, Hamas had repeatedly said in the months leading up to October 2023 that it did not want [...] The Gaza war is an armed conflict in the Gaza Strip and Israel, fought as part of the unresolved Israeli–Palestinian and Gaza–Israel conflicts. The war began on 7 October 2023, when the Palestinian militant group Hamas led a surprise attack on Israel, in which 1,195 Israelis and foreign nationals were killed and 251 were taken hostage. Since the start of the Israeli offensive that followed, over 70,000 Palestinians in Gaza have been killed, almost half of them women and children, and more than 171,000 injured. A study in The Lancet estimated that traumatic injury deaths were undercounted and noting a potentially larger death toll when "indirect" deaths are included. [...] On 18 March, Israel launched a surprise attack which included airstrikes across Gaza, killing over 400 (per Gaza officials) and ending the ceasefire. Israel stated the attack was due to the refusal of Hamas to extend the first phase of the ceasefire, and was also in response to Hamas's rearming and reorganizing. Hamas said that it had adhered to the ceasefire agreement, and that Israel had resumed aggression and war. Internationally, the strikes were seen to stymie hopes for a lasting ceasefire. Observers have noted that Israel chose to launch the attack on the day Netanyahu would testify in his corruption trial, forcing the legal proceedings to be postponed.

• Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Timeline - CFR Education

  The Israeli government and Hamas agree to a cease-fire, which takes effect in January 2025. Under the terms of the ceasefire, Hamas begins releasing hostages, while Israel releases Palestinian prisoners in exchange. Israel also agrees to allow humanitarian aid through to address the dire humanitarian situation for residents in Gaza. The ceasefire initially lays out a path toward the full end of the war. However, within months, both sides begin accusing each other of violating the terms of the agreement. In March, Israel launches renewed airstrikes and blocks aid and energy going into Gaza, and in May, it renews full-scale ground operations. Meanwhile, ongoing attempts to mediate a new ceasefire agreement remain unsuccessful. After more than a year of fighting, Israel and Hamas remain in [...] more than a year of fighting, Israel and Hamas remain in conflict. Nearly 60,000 Palestinians have been killed, many of them civilians. Over fifty Israeli hostages are still held by Hamas. [...] Hamas, supported by other Palestinian armed groups, launches an unprecedented surprise attack on Israel, leading to an explosion of violence. According to the Israeli government, the attack kills approximately 1,200 people, most of them civilians. Militants also take over two hundred hostages. It is the deadliest attack in Israel’s history. Israel responds by launching a deadly counter offensive aiming to eradicate Hamas in Gaza. International bodies, including the International Criminal Court and International Court of Justice, have since launched investigations into both Israeli and Hamas officials for violations of international law. Both parties reject those claims. The Israeli military transports a tank to the Lebanese border in preparation for an assault. Menahem Kahana / Getty

• Israel and Hamas Conflict In Brief: Overview, U.S. Policy, and ...

  The Israel-Hamas war has presented several challenges for U.S. policy in the Middle East. These include how to bolster Israel's security from attacks and threats posed by Iran-supported actors near its borders, how to prevent the spread of conflict in the region and manage relationships among Israel and its neighbors, how to provide security assistance for Israel without endangering civilians, how to provide humanitarian aid for civilians displaced or otherwise affected by the fighting, how to help the parties reach a cease-fire agreement that secures the return of hostages (some of whom are U.S. citizens), and how to reconcile Palestinian desires for statehood and post-conflict recovery with Israeli efforts to eliminate Hamas as a political and military force in Gaza. [...] Israel-Hamas conflicts in 2008-2009, 2012, 2014, and 2021—though on a significantly greater scale. [...] Overview Since October 7, 2023, Israel has been at war with the Palestinian Sunni Islamist group Hamas (a U.S.-designated foreign terrorist organization, or FTO), which led attacks on that day from the Gaza Strip into Israel (see Figure 1). The nature and extent of the October 7 assault stunned Israelis and many others, and includes allegations of sexual violence.1 Iran has long provided material support to Hamas, but the Office of the Director of National Intelligence assessed in February 2024 that "Iranian leaders did not orchestrate nor had foreknowledge of" the attack.2 Israeli officials may have missed signals, over-relied on technological solutions, overestimated their own defense capabilities, and/or misread Hamas's intentions and capabilities.3 | |

• Timeline: Key Events in the Israel-Arab and Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

  ### 2021: May Conflict in Gaza An 11-day war erupted between Israel and Hamas. Hamas terrorists used tensions in Jerusalem, specifically over the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the eviction dispute in the East Jerusalem neighborhood of Sheikh Jarrah, as a pretext to launch rockets at Israeli civilian areas and ignite hostilities. It resulted in intense rocket fire from Gaza and Israeli airstrikes. A ceasefire was brokered by Egypt and other mediators on May 21, 2021, ending the hostilities. Why It Matters: Prior to October 7, 2023, this was the most recent direct conflict between Israel and Hamas until October 2023. The conflict also led to a major spike in antisemitism globally targeting Jewish communities in the United States and Europe. ### 2022: August Operation in Gaza [...] ### 2021: May Conflict in Gaza An 11-day war erupted between Israel and Hamas. Hamas terrorists used tensions in Jerusalem, specifically over the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the eviction dispute in the East Jerusalem neighborhood of Sheikh Jarrah, as a pretext to launch rockets at Israeli civilian areas and ignite hostilities. It resulted in intense rocket fire from Gaza and Israeli airstrikes. A ceasefire was brokered by Egypt and other mediators on May 21, 2021, ending the hostilities. Why It Matters: Prior to October 7, 2023, this was the most recent direct conflict between Israel and Hamas until October 2023. The conflict also led to a major spike in antisemitism globally targeting Jewish communities in the United States and Europe. ### 2021: May Conflict in Gaza [...] After more than two years of war following Hamas’ October 7 massacre, a U.S.-brokered deal between Israel and Hamas marks the first phase of a potential end to the Gaza conflict. Announced by President Donald Trump on October 8 as part of his 20-point peace framework, the agreement includes the release of Israeli hostages, a limited Israeli troop withdrawal, and the exchange of nearly 2,000 Palestinian prisoners. Implementation began on October 10 with Israel’s partial withdrawal from Gaza, triggering a 72-hour timeline for Hamas to release all hostages. As part of the first phase of President Trump’s 20-Point Peace Plan, which stipulated that Hamas release all 48 hostages within 72 hours of the ceasefire, Hamas released the 20 surviving hostages on October 13. Since then, the terror

• Israel, Hamas ready to resume war in Gaza as Trump's peace deal ...

  World News # Israel, Hamas ready to resume war in Gaza as Trump’s peace deal stalls: report By Gabrielle Fahmy and Anna Young Published Jan. 10, 2026 Updated Jan. 10, 2026, 8:32 p.m. ET Israeli forces and Hamas are gearing up to resume deadly fighting in the Gaza Strip, with both sides accusing each other of major cease-fire violations as progress on President Trump’s peace deal stalls, according to reports. The Israeli military has drawn up plans for new ground operations inside the coastal enclave, as the Palestinian terror group rebuilds its wartime assets lost during the conflict, including destroyed tunnel networks, the Wall Street Journal reported Saturday, citing people briefed on the matter. [...] The Israeli military said the strike came in response to the terror group breaching the ceasefire agreement after a rocket was launched from Gaza City toward the Jewish state, though the missile fell short and landed by a hospital in coastal territory. The retaliatory attack targeted and struck several Hamas militants, rocket launch sites, and “terror infrastructure,” including tunnels used for launching rockets in both northern and southern Gaza. “The launch carried out from the Gaza Strip constitutes a blatant violation of the ceasefire agreement,” the IDF and Shin Bet security service said in a joint statement Friday morning, the Times of Israel reported.