Julius Caesar

Extracted Attributes

• Born

  -0100-07-12

• Died

  -0044-03-15

• Legacy

  Cognomen 'Caesar' became synonym for emperor (Kaiser, Tsar)

• Titles

  Dictator perpetuo, Pontifex Maximus, Consul

• Full Name

  Gaius Julius Caesar

• Birthplace

  Rome, Italy

• Major Reform

  Julian Calendar

• Senate Expansion

  900 members (total count of senators after Caesar's reforms)

• Gallic Wars Duration

  8 years (length of military campaign from 58 to 50 BC)

Timeline

• Birth of Gaius Julius Caesar in Rome to aristocrats Gaius Julius Caesar and Aurelia Cotta. (Source: Britannica)

  -0100-07-12

• Elected Pontifex Maximus, the head of the Roman state religion. (Source: Wikipedia)

  -0063-01-01

• Formation of the First Triumvirate; participants: Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus; cause: to bypass the Senate; consequence: dominated Roman politics. (Source: Wikipedia)

  -0060-01-01

• Outbreak of the Gallic Wars; participants: Roman legions vs Gallic tribes; cause: Caesar's desire for military glory and wealth; consequence: expansion of Roman territory to the Rhine. (Source: PBS)

  -0058-01-01

• Crossing of the Rubicon; participants: Caesar and his 13th Legion; cause: Senate's order to step down; consequence: start of Caesar's Civil War. (Source: Wikipedia)

  -0049-01-10

• Proclaimed Dictator Perpetuo (Dictator for Life) by the Senate. (Source: Wikipedia)

  -0044-02-15

• Assassination on the Ides of March; participants: Brutus, Cassius, and other senators; cause: fear of Caesar's monarchical power; consequence: collapse of the Republic and rise of the Roman Empire. (Source: Biography.com)

  -0044-03-15

Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who was the dictator of the Roman Republic almost continuously from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC. A member of the First Triumvirate, he led the Roman armies through the Gallic Wars and defeated his political rival Pompey in Caesar’s civil war. He consolidated power and proclaimed himself dictator perpetuo (dictator for life) in 44 BC, which contributed to the political conditions that led to the collapse of the Roman Republic and the emergence of the Roman Empire. For his role in these events, he is regarded as one of the most influential historical figures. In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed the First Triumvirate, an informal political alliance that dominated Roman politics for several years. Their attempts to amass political power were opposed by many in the Senate, among them Cato the Younger with the private support of Cicero. Caesar rose to become one of the most powerful politicians in the Roman Republic through a string of military victories in the Gallic Wars, completed by 51 BC, which greatly extended Roman territory. During this time, he both invaded Britain and built a bridge across the river Rhine. These achievements and the support of his veteran army threatened to eclipse the standing of Pompey. The alliance between Caesar and Pompey slowly broke down and, by 50 BC, Pompey had realigned himself with the Senate. With his command expiring and the Gallic Wars largely concluded, the Senate ordered Caesar to step down from his military command and return to Rome. In early January 49 BC, Caesar openly defied the Senate by crossing the Rubicon and marching towards Rome at the head of an army. This began Caesar's civil war, which he won, leaving him in a position of near-unchallenged power and influence in 45 BC. After assuming control of government and pardoning many of his enemies, Caesar set upon a vigorous reform and building programme. He created the Julian calendar to replace the republican lunisolar calendar, reduced the size of the grain dole, settled his veterans in new overseas colonies, greatly increased the size of the Senate, and extended citizenship to communities in Spain and what is now northern Italy. In early 44 BC, he was proclaimed "dictator for life" (dictator perpetuo). Fearful of his power, domination of the state, and the possibility that he might make himself king, a group of senators led by Brutus and Cassius assassinated Caesar on the Ides of March (15 March) 44 BC. A new series of civil wars broke out and the constitutional government of the Republic was never fully restored. Caesar's great-nephew and adoptive heir Octavian, later known as Augustus, rose to sole power after defeating his opponents thirteen years later. Octavian then set about solidifying his power, transforming the Republic into the Roman Empire as its emperor. Caesar was an accomplished author and historian; much of his life is known from his own accounts of his military campaigns. Other contemporary sources include the letters and speeches of Cicero and the historical writings of Sallust. Later biographies of Caesar by Suetonius and Plutarch are also important sources. Caesar is considered by many historians to be one of the greatest military commanders in history. His cognomen was subsequently adopted as a synonym for "emperor"; the title "Caesar" was used throughout the Roman Empire, and gave rise to modern descendants such as Kaiser and Tsar. He has frequently appeared in literary and artistic works.

Web Search Results

• Julius Caesar - His Life, Achievements and Assassination

  your first three months. And, as always, you can support us by joining our Patreon which you can find the link for down below. Julius Caesar was a Roman general, orator and eventually the dictator of Rome. He was a successful soldier and led his legions into victorious battles in Spain and Gaul, and conducted the first Roman incursion into the British Isles. As one-third of the First Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus, Julius Caesar was a Consul of Rome before eventually becoming Dictator Perpetuus or 'dictator for life.' Caesar introduced reforms to the Roman Republic that resulted in a prosperous time for Rome, but the senate and those against his reforms were worried he may choose to rule as a king and abolish the senate altogether, and so on the 15th of March, 44 BCE, Julius [...] # Julius Caesar - His Life, Achievements and Assassination ## World History Encyclopedia 130000 subscribers 283 likes ### Description 21850 views Posted: 20 May 2022 Julius Caesar was a Roman general, orator and eventually the dictator of Rome. He was a successful soldier and led his legions into victorious battles in Spain and Gaul, and conducted the first Roman incursion into the British Isles. As one-third of the First Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus, Julius Caesar was a Consul of Rome before eventually becoming Dictator Perpetuus or Dictator for life. [...] Caesar was assassinated and upon his death and the rise of his grand-nephew and adopted son Octavian as Augustus, the first emperor of Rome, the Roman Republic came to an end and the Roman Empire began. Gaius Julius Caesar was born on July 12 100 or potentially 102 BCE to his father who was also named Gaius Julius Caesar, a praetor who governed a province of Asia and his mother Aurelia Cotta, who was of noble birth. At just 16 years old, Caesar's father died and he assumed the spot as head of the family. He decided that being a part of the priesthood would best benefit his family and so he got himself nominated as the new High Priest of Jupiter. Being in the priesthood meant that he had to be married to a patrician, and

• Julius Caesar | Biography, Conquests, Facts, & Death

  ### How did Julius Caesar come to power? Julius Caesar crafted an alliance with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Pompey to form the First Triumvirate and challenge the power of the Roman Senate. After Crassus’s death, Caesar led his army into Italy, defeated Pompey, and claimed the title of dictator. Julius Caesar (born July 12/13, 100? bce, Rome [Italy]—died March 15, 44 bce, Rome) was a celebrated Roman general and statesman, the conqueror of Gaul (58–50 bce), victor in the civil war of 49–45 bce, and dictator (46–44 bce), who was launching a series of political and social reforms when he was assassinated by a group of nobles in the Senate House on the Ides of March. He is one of the major figures of Classical antiquity. [...] Caesar was elected one of the curule aediles for 65 bce, and he celebrated his tenure of this office by unusually lavish expenditure with borrowed money. He was elected pontifex maximus in 63 bce by a political dodge. By now he had become a controversial political figure. After the suppression of Catiline’s conspiracy in 63 bce, Caesar, as well as the millionaire Marcus Licinius Crassus, was accused of complicity. It seems unlikely that either of them had committed himself to Catiline; but Caesar proposed in the Senate a more merciful alternative to the death penalty, which the consul Cicero was asking for the arrested conspirators. In the uproar in the Senate, Caesar’s motion was defeated. Quick Facts In full: : Gaius Julius Caesar Born: : July 12/13, 100? bce, Rome [Italy] [...] Britannica Websites Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Julius Caesar - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11) Julius Caesar - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) # Julius Caesar Roman ruler Also known as: Gaius Julius Caesar Written by Arnold Joseph Toynbee Director of Studies, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, 1925–55. Research Professor of International History, University of London, 1925–55. Arnold Joseph Toynbee Fact-checked by Britannica Editors Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Britannica Editors Last updated •History Top Questions

• Julius Caesar - Wikipedia

  Caesar was an accomplished author and historian; much of his life is known from his own accounts of his military campaigns. Other contemporary sources include the letters and speeches of Cicero and the historical writings of Sallust. Later biographies of Caesar by Suetonius and Plutarch are also important sources. Caesar is considered by many historians to be one of the greatest military commanders in history. His cognomen was subsequently adopted as a synonym for "emperor"; the title "Caesar "Caesar (title)")" was used throughout the Roman Empire, and gave rise to modern descendants such as Kaiser and Tsar. He has frequently appeared in literary and artistic works. ## Early life and career [...] In 63 BC, Caesar stood for the praetorship and also for the post of pontifex maximus, who was the head of the College of Pontiffs and the highest ranking state religious official. In the pontifical election before the tribes, Caesar faced two influential senators: Quintus Lutatius Catulus and Publius Servilius Isauricus. Caesar came out victorious. Many scholars have expressed astonishment that Caesar's candidacy was taken seriously, but this was not without historical precedent. Ancient sources allege that Caesar paid huge bribes or was shamelessly ingratiating; that no charge was ever laid alleging this implies that bribery alone is insufficient to explain his victory. If bribes or other monies were needed, they may have been underwritten by Pompey, whom Caesar at this time supported [...] 50 BC, Pompey had realigned himself with the Senate. With his command expiring and the Gallic Wars largely concluded, the Senate ordered Caesar to step down from his military command and return to Rome. In early January 49 BC, Caesar openly defied the Senate by crossing the Rubicon and marching towards Rome at the head of an army. This began Caesar's civil war, which he won, leaving him in a position of near-unchallenged power and influence in 45 BC.

• Julius Caesar: Dictator of the Roman Empire

  ## Who Was Julius Caesar? Julius Caesar was a leader of ancient Rome who significantly transformed what became known as the Roman Empire by greatly expanding its geographic reach and establishing its imperial system. Allegedly a descendant of Trojan prince Aeneas, Caesar’s birth marked the beginning of a new chapter in Roman history. By age 31, Caesar had fought in several wars and become involved in Roman politics. After several alliances and military victories, he became dictator of the Roman Empire, a rule that lasted for just one year before his death in 44 BCE. ## Quick Facts [...] ## Quick Facts FULL NAME: Gaius Julius Caesar BORN: July 12, 100 BCE DIED: March 15, 44 BCE BIRTHPLACE: Rome, Italy SPOUSE: Cornelia (84–69 BCE), Pompeia (67–62 BCE), Calpurnia (59–44 BCE) CHILDREN: Julia Caesaris, Caesarion ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Cancer ## Julius Caesar Early Life Born Gaius Julius Caesar on July 12, 100 BCE, Caesar hailed from Roman aristocrats, though his family was far from rich. Little is known of Caesar’s early years, but during his youth an element of instability dominated the Roman Republic, which had discredited its nobility and seemed unable to handle its considerable size and influence. [...] Skip to Content 1. Famous Political Figures 2. Emperors 3. Julius Caesar # Julius Caesar Roman general and statesman Julius Caesar turned the Roman Republic into the powerful Roman Empire. An assassination ended his reign on the Ides of March. By Biography.com Editors Getty Images > 100–44 BCE ## Jump to: Who Was Julius Caesar? Quick Facts Julius Caesar Early Life Julius Caesar’s Political Career Julius Caesar and Cleopatra Dictatorship Julius Caesar’s Death Archaeological Discovery Julius Caesar: A Play by William Shakespeare Quotes ## Who Was Julius Caesar?

• in the First Century. The Roman Empire. Emperors. Julius Caeser

  | | | | | | | | | | Bust of Julius Caesar | A superb general and politician, Julius Caesar (c.100 BC 44 BC / Reigned 46 44 BC) changed the course of Roman history. Although he did not rule for long, he gave Rome fresh hope and a whole dynasty of emperors. Dangerous times Born into an aristocratic family in around 100 BC, Julius Caesar grew up in dangerous times. Rome could not yet handle its own size and power. The nobility were widely discredited and order had given way to chaos. The only clear alternative was military dictatorship. Caesar allied himself against the nobility. As his career took off, he won a number of political offices, not always by reputable means. By 63 BC, he had become a well-known, but controversial figure. Viva Espana Despite his [...] them public lands. This was unpopular, so to get the measure through he engineered a riot and used the chaos to get his own way. He then used his power to secure the governorship of Gaul (modern day France and Belgium). Gaul gave Caesar a power-base to recruit soldiers and conduct the military campaigns that would make his name and secure his fortune. Conquering Gaul Between 58 and 50 BC, Caesar used his expertise in military strategy, along with the Roman armys training and discipline to conquer and subdue the rest of Gaul, up to the river Rhine. When battling foreign enemies, Caesar was ruthless. Besieging rebels in what is now the Dordogne part of France, he waited until their water supply ran out and then cut off the hands of all the survivors. Under threat back home

• Instance Of

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