primacy race

Extracted Attributes

• Research Hubs

  Tsinghua University

• Core Technologies

  Artificial Intelligence (AI), EUV Lithography, Inverse Lithography Technology

• Strategic Drivers

  State investment, Export controls, Onshoring manufacturing

• Primary Participants

  United States and China

• Key Industrial Entities

  ASML, Huawei, SMIC

Timeline

• Reuters reports a significant technological breakthrough by China in building a prototype EUV lithography machine. (Source: Document 91d256cb-fefd-40c1-84da-c89cadb68e4f)

  2024-01-01

• Projected start of a 'Golden Age' for the US economy driven by AI advancements, as discussed by David Sacks. (Source: Document 91d256cb-fefd-40c1-84da-c89cadb68e4f)

  2026-01-01

Critical race theory

Critical race theory (CRT) is a conceptual framework developed to understand the relationships between social conceptions of race and ethnicity, social and political laws, and mass media. CRT also considers racism to be systemic in various laws and rules, not based only on individuals' prejudices. The word critical in the name is an academic reference to critical theory, not criticizing or blaming individuals. CRT is also used in sociology to explain social, political, and legal structures and power distribution as through a "lens" focusing on the concept of race, and experiences of racism. For example, the CRT framework examines racial bias in laws and legal institutions, such as highly disparate rates of incarceration among racial groups in the United States. A key CRT concept is intersectionality—the way in which different forms of inequality and identity are affected by interconnections among race, class, gender, and disability. Scholars of CRT view race as a social construct with no biological basis. One tenet of CRT is that disparate racial outcomes are the result of complex, changing, and often subtle social and institutional dynamics, rather than explicit and intentional prejudices of individuals. CRT scholars argue that the social and legal construction of race advances the interests of white people at the expense of people of color, and that the liberal notion of U.S. law as "neutral" plays a significant role in maintaining a racially unjust social order, where formally color-blind laws continue to have racially discriminatory outcomes. CRT began in the United States in the post–civil rights era, as 1960s landmark civil rights laws were being eroded and schools were being re-segregated. With racial inequalities persisting even after civil rights legislation and color-blind laws were enacted, CRT scholars in the 1970s and 1980s began reworking and expanding critical legal studies (CLS) theories on class, economic structure, and the law to examine the role of US law in perpetuating racism. CRT, a framework of analysis grounded in critical theory, originated in the mid-1970s in the writings of several American legal scholars, including Derrick Bell, Alan Freeman, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Richard Delgado, Cheryl Harris, Charles R. Lawrence III, Mari Matsuda, and Patricia J. Williams. CRT draws on the work of thinkers such as Antonio Gramsci, Sojourner Truth, Frederick Douglass, and W. E. B. Du Bois, as well as the Black Power, Chicano, and radical feminist movements from the 1960s and 1970s. Academic critics of CRT argue it is based on storytelling instead of evidence and reason, rejects truth and merit, and undervalues liberalism. Since 2020, conservative US lawmakers have sought to ban or restrict the teaching of CRT in primary and secondary schools, as well as relevant training inside federal agencies. Advocates of such bans argue that CRT is false, anti-American, villainizes white people, promotes radical leftism, and indoctrinates children. Advocates of bans on CRT have been accused of misrepresenting its tenets and of having the goal to broadly censor discussions of racism, equality, social justice, and the history of race.

Web Search Results

• The Primacy of Race in the Geography of Income-Based Voting

  ## Institution for Social and Policy Studies ###### Advancing Research • Shaping Policy • Developing Leaders # The Primacy of Race in the Geography of Income-Based Voting: New Evidence from Public Voting Records Eitan D. Hersh and Clayton Nall Link to article here. Copyright © 2025 Yale University · All rights reserved · Privacy policy Institution for Social and Policy Studies 77 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520 isps@yale.edu | Directions | Accessibility at Yale

• Racial Context(s) in American Political Behavior

  The racial composition of geographic and social contexts may further contribute to the formation of a third kind of in-group embeddedness: psychological racial context, or the degree to which individuals feel embedded in their racial group (McClain et al. Reference McClain, Johnson Carew, Walton and Smith2009; Wong Reference Wong2010). From past works, we know that in-group mental primacy can vary across individuals, with the strength of racial-group closeness a central predictor of vote [...] choice, policy attitudes, and turnout (Conover Reference Conover1984; Tajfel and Turner Reference Tajfel, Turner, Worchel and Austin1986; Wong Reference Wong2010). Further, this in-group mental primacy is shaped by both external constraints and internal choices; it is contextual in its formation and expression (Pérez Reference Pérez2021). When an individual has a stronger in-group identity and sense of closeness, they center their group in their decision-making and are more responsive to [...] friendships, and develop groups of others to rely on. In this theory, one level of context (geographic) directly creates a second type of context (social). If individuals live primarily around others who share their race, their geographic context may produce social networks that similarly reflect this homogeneity.

• PRIMACY Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com

  Popular Searches # primacy ## noun ### plural the state of being first in order, rank, importance, etc. Also called primateship. English Ecclesiastics. the office, rank, or dignity of a primate. Roman Catholic Church. the jurisdiction of a bishop, as a patriarch, over other bishoprics, or the supreme jurisdiction of the pope as supreme bishop. ## noun the state of being first in rank, grade, etc [...] Christianity the office, rank, or jurisdiction of a primate or senior bishop or (in the Roman Catholic Church) the pope ## Etymology ### Origin of primacy 1350–1400; Middle English primacie < Medieval Latin prīmātia, alteration of Latin prīmātus ( prīm ( us ) prime + -ātus -ate 3 ); -y 3 ## Example Sentences Examples are provided to illustrate real-world usage of words in context. Any opinions expressed do not reflect the views of Dictionary.com. [...] He paid special attention to researcher recruiting, to reflect the new primacy of AI. From The Wall Street Journal The European leaders insisted on the primacy of the U.S. role in security guarantees offered to Ukraine in any deal. From The Wall Street Journal Drawing on nearly 90,000 assessments, the largest data set of its kind, the results challenge the conventional wisdom about the primacy of family in our culture, with implications both personal and professional.

• Primary election - Wikipedia

  Primary elections or primaries are elections held to determine which candidates will run in an upcoming general election. In a partisan primary, a political party selects a candidate. Depending on the state and/or party, there may be an "open primary", in which all voters are eligible to participate, or a "closed primary", in which only members of a political party can vote. Less common are nonpartisan primaries in which all candidates run regardless of party. [...] In California, under Proposition 14 (Top Two Candidates Open Primary Act), a voter-approved referendum, in all races except for that for U.S. president and county central committee offices, all candidates running in a primary election regardless of party will appear on a single primary election ballot and voters may vote for any candidate, with the top two vote-getters overall moving on to the general election regardless of party. The effect of this is that it will be possible for two [...] election becomes a single-party election. Unlike a plurality voting system, a run-off system meets the Condorcet loser criterion in that the candidate that ultimately wins would not have been beaten in a two-way race with every one of the other candidates.

• PRIMACY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

  link icon link icon link icon Definition Definition # primacy ## noun How to pronounce primacy (audio) next ## Synonyms of primacy ## Examples of primacy in a Sentence ## Word History Middle English primacie, borrowed from Anglo-French & Medieval Latin; Anglo-French, borrowed from Medieval Latin prīmātia "office of a primate," from prīmāt-, prīmās "leading bishop in an ecclesiastical province, primate" + Latin -ia -y entry 2 14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1 [...] ## Browse Nearby Words ## Cite this Entry “Primacy.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, Accessed 20 Dec. 2025. ## Share ## Kids Definition primacy How to pronounce primacy (audio) Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! ## More from Merriam-Webster Play Quordle: Guess all four words in a limited number of tries. Each of your guesses must be a real 5-letter word. ### Can you solve 4 words at once? [...] ### The Words of the Week - Dec. 19 ### 17 Words for Dog Breeds ### Birds Say the Darndest Things ### Even More Bird Names that Sound Like Insults (and Sometimes Are) ## Popular ### How to Use 'Who' vs. 'Whom' ### Ten Kinds of Happiness ### The Words of the Week - Dec. 19 ## Games & Quizzes