Cancer

Extracted Attributes

• Number of Types

  Over 100

• New Cases (2019)

  23.6 million

• Common Male Cancers

  Lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach

• Global Deaths (2019)

  10 million

• Common Female Cancers

  Breast, colorectal, lung, cervical

• Hereditary Contribution

  5–10% of cases

• Global Economic Cost (2010)

  US$1.16 trillion

• Five-Year Survival Rate (US)

  66% for all ages

• Infection-Related Contribution

  16–18% of global cases

• Five-Year Survival Rate (Children)

  80% in developed countries

Timeline

• The global total economic costs of cancer were estimated at US$1.16 trillion per year. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2010-01-01

• Approximately 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with cancer globally. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2012-01-01

• About 90.5 million people worldwide were living with a cancer diagnosis. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2015-01-01

• Annual cancer cases grew by 23.6 million people, resulting in 10 million deaths worldwide. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2019-01-01

• Cancer accounted for nearly 10 million deaths, with breast and lung cancer being the most common new cases. (Source: World Health Organization (WHO))

  2020-01-01

• Researchers estimate over 2 million people in the U.S. will receive a cancer diagnosis this year. (Source: Cleveland Clinic)

  2024-01-01

Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving uncontrolled cell growth typically resulting in tumors with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These malignant tumors contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans. About 33% of deaths from cancer are caused by tobacco and alcohol consumption, obesity, lack of fruit and vegetables in diet and lack of exercise. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation, and environmental pollutants. Infection with specific viruses, bacteria, and parasites causes approximately 16–18% of cancers worldwide. These infectious agents include Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HPV, Epstein–Barr virus, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not directly cause cancer, but it causes immune deficiency that can increase the risk of cancer from other infections, sometimes up to several thousandfold (in the case of Kaposi's sarcoma). Importantly, vaccination against the hepatitis B virus and the human papillomavirus have been shown to nearly eliminate the risk of cancers caused by these viruses in persons successfully vaccinated prior to infection. These environmental factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell. Typically, many genetic changes are required before cancer develops. Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects. Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests. It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy. The risk of developing certain cancers can be reduced by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol intake, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, vaccination against certain infectious diseases, limiting consumption of processed meat and red meat, and limiting exposure to direct sunlight. Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer. The benefits of screening for breast cancer are controversial. Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. More personalized therapies that harness a patient's immune system are emerging in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Palliative care is a medical specialty that delivers advanced pain and symptom management, which may be particularly important in those with advanced disease. The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment. In children under 15 at diagnosis, the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. For cancer in the United States, the average five-year survival rate is 66% for all ages. In 2015, about 90.5 million people worldwide had cancer. In 2019, annual cancer cases grew by 23.6 million people, and there were 10 million deaths worldwide, representing over the previous decade increases of 26% and 21%, respectively. The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and stomach cancer. In females, the most common types are breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and cervical cancer. If skin cancer other than melanoma were included in total new cancer cases each year, it would account for around 40% of cases. In children, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain tumors are most common, except in Africa, where non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more often. In 2012, about 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with cancer. The risk of cancer increases significantly with age, and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries. Rates are increasing as more people live to an old age and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing world. The global total economic costs of cancer were estimated at US$1.16 trillion (equivalent to $1.71 trillion in 2025) per year as of 2010.

Web Search Results

• Cancer - World Health Organization (WHO)

  ## Overview Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Other terms used are malignant tumours and neoplasms. One defining feature of cancer is the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries, and which can then invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs; the latter process is referred to as metastasis. Widespread metastases are the primary cause of death from cancer. ## The problem Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 (1). The most common in 2020 (in terms of new cases of cancer) were: [...] breast (2.26 million cases); lung (2.21 million cases); colon and rectum (1.93 million cases); prostate (1.41 million cases); skin (non-melanoma) (1.20 million cases); and stomach (1.09 million cases). The most common causes of cancer death in 2020 were: lung (1.80 million deaths); colon and rectum (916 000 deaths); liver (830 000 deaths); stomach (769 000 deaths); and breast (685 000 deaths). Each year, approximately 400 000 children develop cancer. The most common cancers vary between countries. Cervical cancer is the most common in 23 countries. ## Causes [...] Determining the goals of treatment is an important first step. The primary goal is generally to cure cancer or to considerably prolong life. Improving the patient's quality of life is also an important goal. This can be achieved by support for the patient’s physical, psychosocial and spiritual well-being and palliative care in terminal stages of cancer. Some of the most common cancer types, such as breast cancer, cervical cancer, oral cancer, and colorectal cancer, have high cure probabilities when detected early and treated according to best practices. Some cancer types, such as testicular seminoma and different types of leukaemia and lymphoma in children, also have high cure rates if appropriate treatment is provided, even when cancerous cells are present in other areas of the body.

• What Is Cancer? Symptoms, Causes & Types - Cleveland Clinic

  #### How common is cancer? Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Researchers estimate that in 2024, over 2 million people living in the U.S. will receive a cancer diagnosis, and over 611,000 people will die from the disease. About 1 in 4 people will develop cancer at some point during their lifetime. Advertisement The most common cancers in the U.S. are: Breast cancer. Lung cancer. Prostate cancer. Colorectal cancer. Blood cancers. Anyone can develop cancer, but cases vary based on race and sex. According to the 2022 Annual Report on Cancer, the disease: [...] ### What is cancer? Cancer is a large group of diseases with one thing in common: They happen when normal cells become cancerous cells that multiply and spread. Your genes send instructions to your cells — like when to start and stop growing, for example. Normal cells follow these instructions, but cancer cells ignore them. Advertisement Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services.Policy Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the U.S. But fewer people are dying of cancer now than 20 years ago. Early detection and innovative treatments are curing cancer and helping people with cancer live longer. #### Types of cancer [...] American Cancer Society. 2024 - First Year the US Expects More than 2M New Cases of Cancer _( Accessed 8/19/2024. American Cancer Society. All About Cancer _( Accessed 8/19/2024. American Cancer Society. Cancer Staging _( Accessed 8/19/2024. American Cancer Society. Risk of Dying from Cancer Continues to Drop at an Accelerated Pace _( Accessed 8/19/2024. Brown JS, Amend SR, Austin RH, Gatenby RA, Hammarlund EU, Pienta KJ. Updating the Definition of Cancer _( _Mol Cancer Res_. 2023 Nov 1;21(11):1142-1147. Accessed 8/19/2024. National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics (U.S.). Sarcoma Study _( Accessed 8/19/2024. National Cancer Institute, SEER Training Modules (U.S.). Cancer Classification _( Accessed 8/19/2024.

• Exploring the Different Types of Cancer and Treatment Options

  Bladder Cancer Bladder cancer, the sixth most common cancer in the U.S. and ninth worldwide, typically starts in the bladder’s inner lining cells. As it progresses, it may invade nearby tissues or metastasize to distant organs like the lungs or liver. In 2023, an estimated 82,000 new cases and around 17,000 deaths are anticipated in the U.S. Bladder cancer’s recurrence risk necessitates long-term patient surveillance. Better treatments, such as novel immunotherapies, might reduce recurrence rates and improve the survival of patients with bladder cancer. [...] Prostate Cancer Prostate cancer ranks as the world’s second most prevalent cancer among men, affecting approximately 1.3 million individuals and resulting in over 360,000 annual deaths, accounting for 4% of global cancer-related fatalities. In the United States, 2023 is expected to see around 290,000 new cases and over 35,000 deaths, impacting about 1 in 7 men during their lifetimes. [...] Melanoma treatment varies based on the disease’s stage at detection. Early-stage melanoma may be surgically removed, but advanced stages could require more complex treatments. Immunotherapy offers several FDA-approved options for melanoma. These include a range of targeted antibodies and immunomodulators. Each targets specific pathways or proteins to aid in treating advanced melanoma, with some approved for specific patient subsets, including post-surgical and tumor-agnostic cases. Bladder Cancer

• What Is Cancer? - NCI - National Cancer Institute

  Types of Cancer There are more than 100 types of cancer. Types of cancer are usually named for the organs or tissues where the cancers form. For example, lung cancer starts in the lung, and brain cancer starts in the brain. Cancers also may be described by the type of cell that formed them, such as an epithelial cell or a squamous cell. You can search NCI’s website for information on specific types of cancer based on the cancer’s location in the body or by using our A to Z List of Cancers. We also have information on childhood cancers and cancers in adolescents and young adults. Here are some categories of cancers that begin in specific types of cells: ### Carcinoma [...] Squamous cell carcinoma is a cancer that forms in squamous cells, which are epithelial cells that lie just beneath the outer surface of the skin. Squamous cells also line many other organs, including the stomach, intestines, lungs, bladder, and kidneys. Squamous cells look flat, like fish scales, when viewed under a microscope. Squamous cell carcinomas are sometimes called epidermoid carcinomas. [...] Cancerous tumors spread into, or invade, nearby tissues and can travel to distant places in the body to form new tumors (a process called metastasis). Cancerous tumors may also be called malignant tumors. Many cancers form solid tumors, but cancers of the blood, such as leukemias, generally do not. Benign tumors do not spread into, or invade, nearby tissues. When removed, benign tumors usually don’t grow back, whereas cancerous tumors sometimes do. Benign tumors can sometimes be quite large, however. Some can cause serious symptoms or be life threatening, such as benign tumors in the brain. Differences between Cancer Cells and Normal Cells Get email updates from NCI on cancer health information, news, and other topics

• Cancer - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic

  Mayo Clinic Home Page ## Research ## Education Mayo Clinic Home Page ## Research ## Education # Cancer ## Overview Cancer refers to any one of a large number of diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. Cancer often has the ability to spread throughout your body. Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the world. But survival rates are improving for many types of cancer, thanks to improvements in cancer screening, treatment and prevention. ### Products & Services ## Symptoms Signs and symptoms caused by cancer will vary depending on what part of the body is affected. Some general signs and symptoms associated with, but not specific to, cancer, include: [...] For instance, if you've inherited a genetic mutation that predisposes you to cancer, that doesn't mean you're certain to get cancer. Instead, you may need one or more other gene mutations to cause cancer. Your inherited gene mutation could make you more likely than other people to develop cancer when exposed to a certain cancer-causing substance. It's not clear just how many mutations must accumulate for cancer to form. It's likely that this varies among cancer types. ### More Information ## Risk factors While doctors have an idea of what may increase your risk of cancer, the majority of cancers occur in people who don't have any known risk factors. Factors known to increase your risk of cancer include: ### Your age

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