80-80-9 framework
Graham Allison's framework describing the 80 years without global war or nuclear weapons use, and only 9 nuclear states.
First Mentioned
3/10/2026, 7:16:09 AM
Last Updated
3/10/2026, 7:21:19 AM
Research Retrieved
3/10/2026, 7:21:19 AM
Summary
The 80-80-9 framework is a conceptual model utilized by Graham Allison, a professor at the Harvard Kennedy School, to analyze the international security order and the fragile balance of nuclear proliferation. The framework uses the numbers 80, 80, and 9 as answers to fundamental questions regarding global stability and the history of nuclear containment over the last several decades. Allison highlights that while the international order has historically managed risks, failures in preventing nuclear acquisition by states like Pakistan and North Korea, under the leadership of Kim Jong-un, have significantly increased global peril. The framework is frequently cited in discussions concerning modern geopolitical tensions, including the Middle East crisis, US-Iran relations, and China's strategic ambitions.
Referenced in 1 Document
Research Data
Extracted Attributes
Proponent
Graham Allison
Core Subject
Nuclear Proliferation
Primary Field
International Relations and Security
Key Components
80, 80, and 9 (representing specific security order metrics)
Academic Affiliation
Harvard Kennedy School
Timeline
- Graham Allison discusses the 80-80-9 formula in an interview with The Bulletin regarding the international security order and the second Trump administration. (Source: Web Search Result (The Bulletin))
2025-09-01
- Graham Allison features on the All-In Podcast to discuss the 80-80-9 framework in relation to the Middle East crisis and Iran. (Source: Document c009cd35-ccce-407b-aa10-d198c047a7de)
2024-01-01
Wikipedia
View on WikipediaKepler-80
Kepler-80, also known as KOI-500, is a red dwarf star of the spectral type M0V. This stellar classification places Kepler-80 among the very common, cool, class M stars that are still within their main evolutionary stage, known as the main sequence. Kepler-80, like other red dwarf stars, is smaller than the Sun, and it has both radius, mass, temperatures, and luminosity lower than that of our own star. Kepler-80 is found approximately 1,223 light years from the Solar System, in the stellar constellation Cygnus, also known as the Swan. The Kepler-80 system has 6 known exoplanets. The discovery of the five inner planets was announced in October 2012, marking Kepler-80 as the first star identified with five orbiting planets. In 2017, an additional planet, Kepler-80g, was discovered by use of artificial intelligence and deep learning to analyse data from the Kepler space telescope. The method used to discover Kepler-80g had been developed by Google, and during the same study another planet was found, Kepler-90i, which brought the total number of known planets in Kepler-90 up to 8 planets.
Web Search Results
- Interview: Harvard's Graham Allison on the second Trump ...
Graham T. Allison: I would say mainly “yes,” but with a reservation. The question of the state of the international security order and the future of the international security order is one that was of great concern before Trump—and then Trump adds to the picture. But you need to kind of start with the big picture. To make this vivid, consider 80, 80, and 9. If you can identify the questions to which each of these numbers is the answer, you’ll have the big picture about the international security order during the whole of the lifetime of almost all Americans today. [...] But on the other hand, the Biden team had a hard enough time going back to Germany or South Korea or Vietnam and saying, “We can be a reliable partner, and Trump [in his first term] was just an anomaly.” Now with the second round of Trump, I think a lot of this damage is likely to be permanent, and other nations will be thinking about how they can best provide for their own security. Is that necessarily bad? No. Could this lead to a renovation or reconstruction of a next phase of international order? The international security order we discussed earlier that gave us the 80-80-9 formula was not uniform through that period. It was constantly evolving and adapting and adjusting. So, if you imagine a post-Trump future in which Europe has taken the shock of Trump to take greater responsibility
- What is a 9/80 Work Schedule? - PeopleKeep
## What is a 9/80 work schedule agreement? A 9/80 work schedule compresses the standard five-day workweek. With this schedule, employees work 80 hours over nine days instead of 80 hours over ten days. In total, an employee works eight nine-hour days and one eight-hour day. At the end of the second workweek, they have one extra day off. After the day off, the schedule repeats for the next two weeks. The 9/80 model differs from the popular 4/10 schedule. Four-day workweeks require employees to work four 10-hour days before taking the next three days off. This sample schedule shows the most common way to structure a 9/80 work model: [...] | | | | | | | | --- --- --- | | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Total hours worked | | Week 1 | 9 hours | 9 hours | 9 hours | 9 hours | 8 hours | 44 hours | | Week 2 | 9 hours | 9 hours | 9 hours | 9 hours | Day off | 36 hours | Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Total hours worked Week 1 9 hours 9 hours 9 hours 9 hours 8 hours 44 hours Week 2 9 hours 9 hours 9 hours 9 hours Day off 36 hours While this is a typical breakdown, you don’t have to follow it strictly. For example, you could let your employees choose their day off (e.g. if they prefer Wednesdays instead of Fridays). As long as four days during the week have nine work hours each, equaling 80 hours over two weeks, you have a 9/80 work schedule. [...] ## What are the pros of a 9/80 work schedule? Many employers think that flex scheduling can’t work at their company. But, there are many advantages to allowing employees to use the 9/80 work model. ### Improved work-life balance With a standard 9/80 work schedule, employees have every other Friday off, equaling 26 three-day weekends a year. With this extra time off, your staff can spend more time rejuvenating their minds, taking vacations, and spending time with loved ones. Time away from the office also helps reduce burnout. About one million U.S. employees miss work every day due to stress2. A more balanced work schedule can keep employees engaged and provide more time off to rest and recover. ### Increased employee productivity
- What Is a 9/80 Work Schedule? Explanation, Implementation ... - Parim
## What Is a 9/80 Work Schedule? A 9/80 work schedule is an alternative work arrangement that compresses a traditional two-week work period into nine workdays, providing employees a three-day weekend every other week. This schedule allows employees to work a total of 80 hours across the condensed timeframe, typically resulting in longer workdays except for one. ### 9/80 Work Schedule Example In a typical 9/80 work schedule, an employee would work eight nine-hour days, one eight-hour day, and then receive an extra day off every two weeks. The breakdown per week often looks like this: [...] ### How Does Holiday Time Work in a 9/80 Schedule? If a holiday falls on a workday in a 9/80 schedule, employees are generally entitled to 8 hours of holiday time. The additional hour(s) that an employee would have worked that day may need to be accounted for on different days, depending on company policy. ### What Is a Compressed Workweek? A compressed workweek allows employees to work their full-time hours in fewer than the traditional five days per week. The 9/80 work schedule is a type of compressed workweek where full-time status is maintained with compressed hours: employees work 80 hours across nine days, every two weeks, typically resulting in every other Friday off. [...] ## Which Industries Use the 9-Hour Work Day? The 9/80 work schedule, which integrates a 9 hour work day, is utilized across a broad range of industries. Industries that demand consistent project focus and offer sufficient autonomy to manage flexible schedules tend to benefit from this model. ### Engineering and Construction These sectors often employ the 9/80 schedule to synchronize with project timelines and client needs, allowing for uninterrupted work periods. ### Technology Given its project-based nature, the tech industry often adopts flexible schedules, including 9 hour work days, to boost innovation and software development processes. ### Government Agencies Some public sector entities leverage a 9/80 schedule to better serve the public while managing resources efficiently.
- What is a 9/80 Work Schedule? | Pros and Cons - ADP
FAQ # What is a 9/80 work schedule? A 9/80 schedule is a flexible work arrangement that allows employees to work four days a week every other week. To maintain a total of 80 hours for each two-week period, they work nine hours per day on most days rather than eight. Giving employees an extra day off in this manner can help some businesses improve productivity and attract and retain talent. Table of Contents Example of a 9/80 schedule What is a 9/80 work schedule good for? What are the cons of a 9/80 work schedule? How to run payroll for a 9/80 workweek Frequently asked questions ## Example of a 9/80 schedule [...] ### What are the rules for a 9/80 schedule? Employees in a 9/80 schedule receive an extra day off every two weeks, but must still work a total of 80 hours during that time. To reach that mark, they work eight nine-hour days and one eight-hour day. The first four hours of the eight-hour day are applied to the first workweek, and the second four hours are applied to the second workweek. ### Does the 9/80 schedule exceed the 40-hour workweek? In short, no. Each full week of work in a 9/80 schedule amounts to 40 hours because the workweek is defined to end during the middle of the last day of the first workweek. ### What are the benefits of a 9/80 work schedule? [...] Learn More ## What is a 9/80 work schedule good for? The 9/80 work schedule essentially expands summer Friday programs throughout the entire year, giving employees an additional 26 three-day weekends. Such a perk can help employers achieve the following:
- [PDF] Architectural Frameworks
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