Obesity

Extracted Attributes

• Causes

  Multifaceted (individual, socioeconomic, environmental factors), diet, low physical activity, automation, urbanization, genetic susceptibility, medications, mental disorders, economic policies, endocrine disorders, exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, obesogenic environments, psycho-social factors, genetic variants, immobilization, iatrogenic procedures, monogenic disease/genetic syndrome, consuming more calories than body can use

• Definition

  Medical condition characterized by excess body fat negatively impacting health

• Major Impact

  Leading preventable cause of death worldwide, significant contributor to disability

• Classification

  Disease (by WHO, US, Canada, Japan, Portugal, Germany, European Parliament, American Medical Association, American Heart Association)

• Main Treatments

  Dietary changes (reducing energy-dense foods, increasing fiber), regular exercise

• Gender Disparity

  More common in women than men

• Prevalence Trend

  Increasing rates in adults and children globally

• Medical Treatments

  Medications (to reduce appetite or decrease fat absorption, e.g., GLP-1s)

• Prevention Strategy

  Comprehensive approach including medical, societal, community, family, and individual interventions; creating supportive environments

• Societal Perception

  Often stigmatized; historically viewed positively (symbol of wealth and fertility) in some cultures

• Surgical Treatments

  Gastric balloon, surgery (to reduce stomach volume or alter nutrient absorption), metabolic surgery

• Associated Health Issues

  Cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain cancers, osteoarthritis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, bone health, reproduction, obesity-related depression and social isolation

• Global Prevalence (2022)

  Over 1 billion people (879 million adults, 159 million children)

• Diagnosis Criteria (Adults)

  Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30 kg/m²

• Overweight Criteria (Adults)

  BMI 25–30 kg/m²

• Diagnosis Criteria (East Asian Countries)

  Lower BMI thresholds

Timeline

• Obesity rates among children in the U.S. doubled since this year; rates for teens tripled. (Source: web_search_results)

  1980

• Adult obesity cases were less than half of 2022 figures, and child cases were less than a quarter of 2022 figures. (Source: wikipedia)

  1990

• Prevalence of adult obesity and severe obesity began increasing, continuing through 2017-2018. (Source: web_search_results)

  1999-2000

• American Medical Association and American Heart Association classified obesity as a disease. (Source: dbpedia)

  2013-01-01

• 600 million adults (12%) and 100 million children were obese in 195 countries. (Source: dbpedia)

  2015-01-01

• Prevalence of adult obesity and severe obesity continued to increase from 1999-2000 levels. (Source: web_search_results)

  2017-2018

• CDC began providing prevalence estimates of adult obesity and severe obesity through August 2023. (Source: web_search_results)

  2021-08-01

• Over 1 billion people worldwide lived with obesity (879 million adults and 159 million children). (Source: wikipedia)

  2022-01-01

Obesity

Obesity is a medical condition, considered by multiple organizations to be a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can have negative effects on health. People are classified as obese when their body mass index (BMI)—a person's weight divided by the square of the person's height—is over 30 kg/m2; the range 25–30 kg/m2 is defined as overweight. Some East Asian countries use lower values to calculate obesity. Obesity is a major cause of disability and is correlated with various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity has individual, socioeconomic, and environmental causes. Some known causes are diet, low physical activity, automation, urbanization, genetic susceptibility, medications, mental disorders, economic policies, endocrine disorders, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. While many people with obesity attempt to lose weight and are often successful, maintaining weight loss long-term is rare. Obesity prevention requires a complex approach, including interventions at medical, societal, community, family, and individual levels. Changes to diet as well as exercising are the main treatments recommended by health professionals. Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods, such as those high in fat or sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. The World Health Organization stresses that the disease is a societal responsibility and that these dietary choices should be made the most available, affordable, and accessible options. Medications can be used, along with a suitable diet, to reduce appetite or decrease fat absorption. If diet, exercise, and medication are not effective, a gastric balloon or surgery may be performed to reduce stomach volume or length of the intestines, leading to feeling full earlier, or a reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food. Metabolic surgery promotes weight loss not only by reducing caloric intake but also by inducing sustained changes in the secretion of gut hormones involved in appetite and metabolic regulation. Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing rates in adults and children. In 2022, over 1 billion people lived with obesity worldwide (879 million adults and 159 million children), representing more than a double of adult cases (and four times higher than cases among children) registered in 1990. Obesity is more common in women than in men. Obesity is stigmatized in most of the world. Conversely, some cultures, past and present, have a favorable view of obesity, seeing it as a symbol of wealth and fertility. The World Health Organization, the US, Canada, Japan, Portugal, Germany, the European Parliament and medical societies (such as the American Medical Association) classify obesity as a disease. Others, such as the UK, do not.

Web Search Results

• Obesity: What It Is, Classes, Symptoms, Causes - Cleveland Clinic

  Gray gradient Gray gradient Search Icon Blue Cleveland Clinic logo # Obesity Obesity is commonly defined as having too much body fat. A BMI of 30 or higher is the usual benchmark for obesity in adults. Obesity increases the risk of serious medical conditions. Treatments include changing what you eat, adding activity and mental health support. Advertisement [...] Obesity is when you have excessive body fat. It’s a chronic (long-term) and complex disease that can affect your overall health and quality of life. Obesity can lead to serious medical conditions. It can affect your self-esteem and mental health. Advertisement Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy [...] On the most basic level, obesity happens when you consume more calories than your body can use. Many things may play a role in why you may eat more food than your body needs: ### What are the complications of obesity? Obesity affects your body in many ways. For example, it may cause metabolic changes that increase your risk of serious illnesses. Obesity may also have direct and indirect effects on your overall health. #### Metabolic changes

• Obesity and overweight - World Health Organization (WHO)

  Overview -------- Overweight is a condition of excessive fat deposits. Obesity is a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health. Obesity can lead to increased risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease, it can affect bone health and reproduction, it increases the risk of certain cancers. Obesity influences the quality of living, such as sleeping or moving. [...] In most cases obesity is a multifactorial disease due to obesogenic environments, psycho-social factors and genetic variants. In a subgroup of patients, single major etiological factors can be identified (medications, diseases, immobilization, iatrogenic procedures, monogenic disease/genetic syndrome). [...] The dietary and physical activity patterns for individual people are largely the result of environmental and societal conditions that greatly constrain personal choice. Obesity is a societal rather than an individual responsibility, with the solutions to be found through the creation of supportive environments and communities that embed healthy diets and regular physical activity as the most accessible, available and affordable behaviours of daily life.

• Obesity Prevention | Johns Hopkins Medicine

  Obesity is a chronic disease affecting an increasing number of children, teens and adults. Obesity rates among children in the U.S. have doubled since 1980, and have tripled for teens. About 19.7% of children ages 2 to 19 are considered obese, compared with over 41% of adults who are considered obese. [...] Earlier onset of type 2 diabetes, heart and blood vessel disease, and obesity-related depression and social isolation in children and teens are being seen more often by health care professionals. The longer a person is obese, the more significant obesity-related risk factors become. Given the chronic diseases and conditions associated with obesity and the fact that obesity is hard to treat, prevention is extremely important.

• Obesity and Severe Obesity Prevalence in Adults - CDC

  Obesity is a chronic condition that increases the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and certain cancers (1). Obesity and severe obesity prevalence increased from 1999–2000 through 2017–2018 (2). This report provides prevalence estimates of adult obesity and severe obesity during August 2021–August 2023 by age and sex, as well as obesity prevalence by education level. Trends in the prevalence of adult obesity and severe obesity over the previous 10 years are [...] Body mass index (BMI): Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared, rounded to one decimal place. Obesity: Defined as a BMI of greater than or equal to 30. Severe obesity: Defined as a BMI of greater than or equal to 40. ### Data source and methods [...] In this report, obesity is defined by body mass index (BMI), which has limitations. Body fat may vary by sex, age, and race and Hispanic origin at a given BMI level (3,4). BMI does not measure body fat directly, nor does it provide information on body fat distribution (5). The distribution of excess body fat, especially visceral fat, contributes to the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease (6). Despite these limitations, BMI is a simple and inexpensive screening tool for conditions that

• Obesity Strategies: What Can Be Done - CDC

  Obesity is a complex and costly chronic disease with many contributing factors. Access to healthy, affordable foods and safe, convenient places for physical activity can impact obesity. Addressing obesity requires organizations and people to work together to create communities, environments, and systems that support healthy, active lifestyles for all. Image 6: Woman selecting apples at a grocery store and using a motorized shopping The federal government is: --------------------------

• Instance Of

  Q737498

• Inception Date

  1/1/1993

Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it may negatively affect health. People are classified as obese when their body mass index (BMI)—a person's weight divided by the square of the person's height—is over 30 kg/m2; the range 25–30 kg/m2 is defined as overweight. Some East Asian countries use lower values to calculate obesity. Obesity is a major cause of disability and is correlated with various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis. Obesity has individual, socioeconomic, and environmental causes. Some known causes are diet, physical activity, automation, urbanization, genetic susceptibility, medications, mental disorders, economic policies, endocrine disorders, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. While a majority of obese individuals at any given time are attempting to lose weight and are often successful, maintaining weight loss long term is rare. There is no effective, well-defined, evidence-based intervention for preventing obesity. Obesity prevention requires a complex approach, including interventions at societal, community, family, and individual levels. Changes to diet and exercising are the main treatments recommended by health professionals. Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods, such as those high in fat or sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber, if these dietary choices are available, affordable, and accessible. Medications can be used, along with a suitable diet, to reduce appetite or decrease fat absorption. If diet, exercise, and medication are not effective, a gastric balloon or surgery may be performed to reduce stomach volume or length of the intestines, leading to feeling full earlier, or a reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food. Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing rates in adults and children. In 2015, 600 million adults (12%) and 100 million children were obese in 195 countries. Obesity is more common in women than in men. Today, obesity is stigmatized in most of the world. Conversely, some cultures, past and present, have a favorable view of obesity, seeing it as a symbol of wealth and fertility. Nevertheless, in 2013, several medical societies, including the American Medical Association and the American Heart Association, classified obesity as a disease.