
Colossus
xAI's massive supercomputer, a data center with over 100,000 GPUs built in just 122 days to train Grok 3, showcasing an extreme engineering and logistics effort.
entitydetail.created_at
7/12/2025, 4:40:57 AM
entitydetail.last_updated
7/26/2025, 2:51:50 AM
entitydetail.research_retrieved
7/12/2025, 5:00:51 AM
Summary
The Colossus supercomputer, developed by Elon Musk's xAI, is a powerful AI training system launched in September 2024 in Memphis, Tennessee. It is currently considered the world's largest AI training platform, designed to train xAI's Grok language models, including Grok 4, which has shown benchmark results surpassing rivals like OpenAI and Google's Gemini. Built with NVIDIA H100 and H200 Tensor Core GPUs and Supermicro systems, Colossus embodies "The Bitter Lesson" by prioritizing scalable computation for AI development, and it also supports operations for other Musk companies like SpaceX.
Referenced in 2 Documents
Research Data
Extracted Attributes
Type
AI Supercomputer
Owner
Elon Musk (via xAI)
Location
Memphis, Tennessee, USA (former Electrolux site in South Memphis)
Developer
xAI
Launch Date
2024-09-01
Current Status
World's largest AI training platform
Key Components
NVIDIA H100 Tensor Core GPUs, NVIDIA H200 Tensor Core GPUs, Supermicro 4U Universal GPU Liquid Cooled system
Current GPU Count
200,000 GPUs
Planned GPU Count
1,000,000 GPUs
Timeline
- Colossus was launched in Memphis, Tennessee, at a former Electrolux site, to train the AI language model Grok. (Source: web_search_results, Wikipedia)
2024-09-01
- Construction on Colossus began and is continuing to expand, with xAI ready to begin construction within 19 days of the project's conception. (Source: Wikipedia)
2024
- xAI increased the Colossus system to 200,000 GPUs. (Source: Wikipedia)
2024
- xAI announced plans to continue increasing Colossus's processing power to 1 million GPUs. (Source: Wikipedia)
2024
- Grok 4, trained on the Colossus supercomputer, reportedly benchmarked higher than rivals from OpenAI and Google's Gemini. (Source: related_documents)
2024
Wikipedia
View on WikipediaColossus
Colossus, Colossos, or the plural Colossi or Colossuses, may refer to:
Web Search Results
- Colossus computer - Wikipedia
Colossus was a set of computers developed by British codebreakers in the years 1943–1945 to help in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher. Colossus used thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) to perform Boolean "Boolean algebra (logic)") and counting operations. Colossus is thus regarded as the world's first programmable, electronic, digital computer, although it was programmed by switches and plugs and not by a stored program. [...] ## Influence and fate Although the Colossus was the first of the electronic digital machines with programmability, albeit limited by modern standards, it was not a general-purpose machine, being designed for a range of cryptanalytic tasks, most involving counting the results of evaluating Boolean algorithms. [...] Colossus was developed for the "Newmanry", the section headed by the mathematician Max Newman that was responsible for machine methods against the twelve-rotor Lorenz SZ40/42 on-line teleprinter cipher machine (code-named Tunny, for tunafish). The Colossus design arose out of a parallel project that produced a less-ambitious counting machine dubbed "Heath Robinson "Heath Robinson (codebreaking machine)")". Although the Heath Robinson machine proved the concept of machine analysis for this part
- Colossus (supercomputer) - Wikipedia
Colossus is a supercomputer developed by xAI "XAI (company)"), an artificial intelligence (AI) company founded by Elon Musk. Construction on Colossus began in 2024 in Memphis, Tennessee, and is continuing to expand today. It is currently believed to be the world's largest AI supercomputer. Its purpose is to train the company's AI language model, Grok "Grok (chatbot)"), and also train the social media service X. It also supports operations for Musk's other companies, such as SpaceX. [...] built, xAI announced that they had increased the system to 200,000 GPUs and that they intended to continue increasing the computer's processing power to 1 million GPUs. Colossus is currently the largest AI training platform in the world. [...] ## Background Colossus was launched in September 2024 at a former Electrolux site in South Memphis to train the AI language model Grok. Reportedly, within 19 days of the project's conception, xAI was ready to begin construction. In comparison, other data centers have taken an average of four years to finalize the plans for a project, ship the equipment, and have it installed.
- Colossus: The Forbin Project - Wikipedia
Dr. Charles A. Forbin is the chief designer of a secret project, "Colossus", an advanced supercomputer built to control the United States and Allied nuclear weapon systems. Located deep within the Rocky Mountains in the United States, and powered by its own nuclear reactor and radioactive moat making access impossible, Colossus is impervious to any attack. After Colossus is fully activated, the President of the United States proudly proclaims that Colossus is "the perfect defense system". [...] Colossus: The Forbin Project (originally released as The Forbin Project) is a 1970 American science-fiction thriller film from Universal Pictures, produced by Stanley Chase, directed by Joseph Sargent, that stars Eric Braeden, Susan Clark, Gordon Pinsent, and William Schallert. It is based upon the 1966 science-fiction novel Colossus "Colossus (novel)") by Dennis Feltham Jones. [...] Variety "Variety (magazine)") also reported in July 2011 that Universal replaced Rothenberg with Blake Masters to do a new draft of the script. In March 2013, it was announced that Ed Solomon, screenwriter of Men in Black "Men in Black (1997 film)") and Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure had been brought on board to rewrite the film's script. "After struggling in developmental limbo since 2007, Colossus – the remake of the 1970s science fiction thriller 'Colossus: The Forbin Project' starring
- The Colossus Supercomputer: Elon Musk's Drive Toward Data ...
The primary building block of Colossus is the Supermicro 4U Universal GPU Liquid Cooled system. Each 4U server is equipped with eight NVIDIA H100 Tensor Core GPUs, providing substantial computational power for AI training tasks. The servers are organized into racks, with each rack containing eight 4U servers, totaling 64 GPUs per rack. [...] The xAI supercomputer is designed to drive cutting-edge AI research, from machine learning to neural networks with a plan to use Colossus to train large language models (like OpenAI’s GPT-series) and extend the framework into areas including autonomous machines, robotics and scientific simulations. ### Colossus Colossus was launched in September 2024 in Memphis, Tennessee. The data center is located at a former Electrolux manufacturing site (photo here) in a South Memphis industrial park. [...] As widely reported, both Dell Technologies and Supermicro partnered with xAI to build the supercomputer. The combination of Nvidia’s H100 and H200 GPUs will put Colossus at a distinct advantage when it comes to speed and efficiency. These GPUs also feature dedicated tensor cores that help accelerate deep learning algorithms. Additionally, the memory bandwidth of these GPUs is powerful enough to efficiently handle the big data sets needed to train the latest AI models.
- Colossus of Rhodes - Wikipedia
1. ^ _Kolossos_ means "giant statue". R.S.P. Beekes has suggested a Pre-Greek proto-form \_koloky\-_.[\[1\]]( 2. ^ Forty cubits high, according to Pliny.[\[12\]]( ### References \[edit\] [...] According to most contemporary descriptions, the Colossus stood approximately 70 cubits, or 33 metres (108 feet) high – approximately two-thirds of the height of the modern Statue of Liberty from feet to crown – making it the tallest statue in the ancient world.[\[2\]]( It collapsed during the earthquake of 226 BC, although parts of it were preserved. In accordance with the Oracle of Delphi, the Rhodians did not rebuild it.[\[3\]]( John Malalas wrote that Hadrian in his reign re-erected the [...] > The brazen giant of Greek fame > with conquering limbs astride from land to land
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DBPedia
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Colossus, Amity, Thorpe, Runnymede, Surrey, England, KT16 8PN, United Kingdom
Coordinates: 51.4033297, -0.5128959
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