Yamanaka factors

Extracted Attributes

• Type

  Set of transcription factors/genes

• Applications

  Regenerative medicine, Fertility technology (creating viable eggs from skin cells), Anti-aging research

• Alternative Name

  OSKM

• Nobel Prize Year

  2012

• Primary Function

  Reprogram mature somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)

• Key Factors (Original)

  Oct4 (Pou5f1), Sox2, Klf4, cMyc

Timeline

• Shinya Yamanaka and Kazutoshi Takahashi discover that four specific genes (Yamanaka factors) can convert somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. (Source: web_search_results)

  2006-01-01

• Shinya Yamanaka and John Gurdon are awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be converted to stem cells. (Source: Summary)

  2012-01-01

• Early clinical trials demonstrate anti-aging properties of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells induced into pluripotence using Yamanaka factors. (Source: web_search_results)

  2017-01-01

• Stanford University researchers conclude that old human cells, when subjected to Yamanaka factors, might rejuvenate and become nearly indistinguishable from younger counterparts. (Source: web_search_results)

  2020-01-01

Shinya Yamanaka

Shinya Yamanaka (山中 伸弥, Yamanaka Shin'ya; born September 4, 1962) is a Japanese stem cell researcher and a Nobel Prize laureate. He is a professor and the director emeritus of Center for iPS Cell (induced Pluripotent Stem Cell) Research and Application, Kyoto University; as a senior investigator at the UCSF-affiliated Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco, California; and as a professor of anatomy at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Yamanaka is also a past president of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR). He received the 2010 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the biomedicine category, the 2011 Wolf Prize in Medicine with Rudolf Jaenisch, and the 2012 Millennium Technology Prize together with Linus Torvalds. In 2012, he and John Gurdon were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be converted to stem cells. In 2013, he was awarded the $3 million Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for his work.

Web Search Results

• Induced pluripotent stem cell - Wikipedia

  iPSCs are typically derived by introducing products of specific sets of pluripotency-associated genes, or "reprogramming factors", into a given cell type. The original set of reprogramming factors (also dubbed Yamanaka factors) are the transcription factors Oct4 (Pou5f1), Sox2, Klf4 and cMyc. While this combination is most conventional in producing iPSCs, each of the factors can be functionally replaced by related transcription factors, miRNAs, small molecules, or even non-related genes such as [...] Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from a somatic cell. The iPSC technology was pioneered by Shinya Yamanaka and Kazutoshi Takahashi in Kyoto, Japan, who together showed in 2006 that the introduction of four specific genes (named Myc, Oct3/4, Sox2 and Klf4), collectively known as Yamanaka factors, encoding transcription factors could convert somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. Shinya [...] ### Anti-aging properties A multipotent mesenchymal stem cell, when induced into pluripotence, holds great promise to slow or reverse aging phenotypes. Such anti-aging properties were demonstrated in early clinical trials in 2017. In 2020, Stanford University researchers concluded after studying elderly mice that old human cells when subjected to the Yamanaka factors, might rejuvenate and become nearly indistinguishable from their younger counterparts.

• Reflecting on the Discovery of the Decade: Induced Pluripotent Stem ...

  pluripotency. While no one factor was sufficient by itself to change the cells, the combination of all the factors did the trick, turning the skin cells into stem cells. The researchers performed a final series of experiments to narrow down the list of reprogramming factors to the essential few, settling on the genes for four factors: OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC. These four genes are now known as the “Yamanaka factors” or OSKM. [...] Since the initial discovery, scientists have expanded on Yamanaka and Takahashi’s research by identifying factors that can be added or substituted to enhance the transition to iPSCs. For example, cellular reprogramming is an inefficient process because many of the target areas on the genome are covered by other proteins, like a childproof cap on a medicine bottle, which prevents the reprogramming factors from binding there. Follow-up research by Yamanaka and others revealed that additional [...] Yamanaka and Takahashi began their search by studying embryonic stem cells in the hope of identifying the genes that underlie essential stem cell characteristics, such as pluripotency and proliferation, a cell’s ability to replicate itself. The researchers identified 24 potential reprogramming factors—proteins that control whether other genes in the cell are turned on or off. Next, the scientists injected the candidate factors into mouse skin cells to test whether the factors could induce

• Shinya Yamanaka, MD, PhD - Gladstone Institutes

  Work from Yamanaka’s lab has demonstrated that a few transcription factors in combination can reprogram cell fate from somatic lineages back to a pluripotent state. This groundbreaking work established the field of iPS cell technology, and hundreds of scientists are now trying to bring the technology to patients. Continuing efforts in Yamanaka’s lab to elucidate the mechanisms underlying pluripotency and reprogramming revealed that beyond the action of transcription factors, [...] Yamanaka S, Takahashi K. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso. 2006 Dec; 51(15):2346-51. Dnmt3a2 targets endogenous Dnmt3L to ES cell chromatin and induces regional DNA methylation. Nimura K, Ishida C, Koriyama H, Hata K, Yamanaka S, Li E, Ura K, Kaneda Y. Genes Cells. 2006 Oct; 11(10):1225-37. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. [...] Yamanaka S, Poksay KS, Driscoll DM, Innerarity TL. J Biol Chem. 1996 May 10; 271(19):11506-10. Cloning and mutagenesis of the rabbit ApoB mRNA editing protein. A zinc motif is essential for catalytic activity, and noncatalytic auxiliary factor(s) of the editing complex are widely distributed. Yamanaka S, Poksay KS, Balestra ME, Zeng GQ, Innerarity TL. J Biol Chem. 1994 Aug 26; 269(34):21725-34. More Publications ### Contact Shinya Yamanaka Email 415.734.2710 Karena Essex

• The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012 - Press release

  ### Key publications: Gurdon, J.B. (1962). The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 10:622-640. Takahashi, K., Yamanaka, S. (2006). Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126:663-676. illustration High resolution image (pdf 670 Kb) illustration [...] Shinya Yamanaka discovered more than 40 years later, in 2006, how intact mature cells in mice could be reprogrammed to become immature stem cells. Surprisingly, by introducing only a few genes, he could reprogram mature cells to become pluripotent stem cells, i.e. immature cells that are able to develop into all types of cells in the body. [...] Yamanaka and his co-workers introduced these genes, in different combinations, into mature cells from connective tissue, fibroblasts, and examined the results under the microscope. They finally found a combination that worked, and the recipe was surprisingly simple. By introducing four genes together, they could reprogram their fibroblasts into immature stem cells!

• Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by ...

  Successful reprogramming of differentiated human somatic cells into a pluripotent state would allow creation of patient- and disease-specific stem cells. We previously reported generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, capable of germline transmission, from mouse somatic cells by transduction of four defined transcription factors. Here, we demonstrate the generation of iPS cells from adult human dermal fibroblasts with the same four factors: Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. Human iPS [...] PubMed Disclaimer ## Comment in ## Similar articles ## Cited by ## Publication types ## MeSH terms ## Substances ## Associated data ## Related information ## LinkOut - more resources ### Full Text Sources ### Other Literature Sources ### Medical ### Molecular Biology Databases ### Research Materials ### Miscellaneous Elsevier Science full text link NCBI Literature Resources MeSH PMC Bookshelf Disclaimer [...] ### Add to Collections ### Add to My Bibliography ## Your saved search ## Create a file for external citation management software ## Your RSS Feed ### Full text links Elsevier Science full text link ### Actions ### Page navigation # Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors ### Affiliation # Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors ### Authors ### Affiliation ## Abstract