CO2 Management

Extracted Attributes

• Type

  Organization

• Involved In

  Finance and Technology Discussions

• Primary Representative

  Philippe Laffont

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CO2. It is made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in a gas state at room temperature and at normally-encountered concentrations it is odorless. As the source of carbon in the carbon cycle, atmospheric CO2 is the primary carbon source for life on Earth. In the air, carbon dioxide is transparent to visible light but absorbs infrared radiation, acting as a greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide is soluble in water and is found in groundwater, lakes, ice caps, and seawater. It is a trace gas in Earth's atmosphere at 421 parts per million (ppm), or about 0.042% (as of May 2022) having risen from pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm or about 0.028%. Burning fossil fuels is the main cause of these increased CO2 concentrations, which are the primary cause of climate change. Its concentration in Earth's pre-industrial atmosphere since late in the Precambrian was regulated by organisms and geological features. Plants, algae and cyanobacteria use energy from sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in a process called photosynthesis, which produces oxygen as a waste product. In turn, oxygen is consumed and CO2 is released as waste by all aerobic organisms when they metabolize organic compounds to produce energy by respiration. CO2 is released from organic materials when they decay or combust, such as in forest fires. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms carbonate and mainly bicarbonate (HCO−3), which causes ocean acidification as atmospheric CO2 levels increase. Carbon dioxide is 53% more dense than dry air, but is long lived and thoroughly mixes in the atmosphere. About half of excess CO2 emissions to the atmosphere are absorbed by land and ocean carbon sinks. These sinks can become saturated and are volatile, as decay and wildfires result in the CO2 being released back into the atmosphere. CO2, or the carbon it holds, is eventually sequestered (stored for the long term) in rocks and organic deposits like coal, petroleum and natural gas. Nearly all CO2 produced by humans goes into the atmosphere. Less than 1% of CO2 produced annually is put to commercial use, mostly in the fertilizer industry and in the oil and gas industry for enhanced oil recovery. Other commercial applications include food and beverage production, metal fabrication, cooling, fire suppression and stimulating plant growth in greenhouses.: 3 

Web Search Results

• 6 Ways to Remove Carbon Pollution from the Atmosphere

  Carbon dioxide removal (or simply “carbon removal”) aims to help mitigate climate change by removing carbon dioxide pollution directly from the atmosphere. Carbon removal strategies include familiar approaches like growing trees as well as more novel technologies like direct air capture, which scrubs CO2 from the air and sequesters it underground. [...] The efficacy of some soil carbon sequestration practices — such as cover crops and grazing management — is also subject to continued scientificdebate. Furthermore, changing conditions or management practices from year to year could erase prior gains. And because climate-smart farming practices would need to be adopted over large tracts of farmland to remove a significant amount of carbon, governments and market systems would need to incentivize landowners to implement these measures. [...] Here are six options for removing carbon from the atmosphere: ### 1) Trees and Forests Plants remove carbon dioxide from the air naturally, and trees are especially good at storing CO2 removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis. Expanding, restoring and managing tree cover to encourage more carbon uptake can leverage the power of photosynthesis, converting carbon dioxide in the air into carbon stored in wood and soils.

• Understanding carbon capture and storage - British Geological Survey

  Different options to try to reduce overall CO 2 emissions are being investigated, but the main way to reduce CO 2 emissions from large industrial sources is called carbon capture and storage, or CCS. CCS involves capturing carbon dioxide (CO 2) at emission sources, transporting and then storing or burying it in a suitable deep, underground location. CCS can also mean the removal of CO 2 directly or indirectly from the atmosphere. Image 8Image 9 Image 10: Information icon [...] It is fundamental that a storage site must be operated safely and that, if CO 2 does unintentionally leak, it can be detected and measured. Leaking CO 2 could be a hazard, in some circumstances, because CO 2 at high concentrations can cause suffocation: it is an asphyxiant. It would also mean that the process would not be working as a climate change mitigation method. However, for well-selected, well-designed and well-managed geological storage sites, the IPCC says that risks are low. CO 2 [...] Monitoring of a CO 2 storage site starts before the CO 2 storage begins. This builds up a baseline picture of the geology and the environmental conditions before any CO 2 is stored. A strategy for baseline surveying will be built into the overall assessment of storage site suitability, referred to as the ‘site characterisation’. Once CO 2 injection has started, monitoring surveys will be repeated at specified intervals to build up ‘time-lapse’ images of site properties.

• Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies

  technology involves separating CO 2 from relevant emission sources, then transporting it to storage sites and isolating it from the atmosphere for a long time. This technology can reduce CO2 emissions at the source and remove existing CO2 from the atmosphere on a large scale, making it a promising method to mitigate the greenhouse effect (Kamkeng et al., 2021) [...] multidisciplinary approach combines principles from chemistry, materials science, and engineering, driving innovation in sectors from energy to manufacturing. Moreover, by reusing CO2, these strategies contribute to a circular economy model, where waste CO2 becomes a valuable resource. As research progresses and technologies develop, carbon utilization is set to play a crucial role in creating a sustainable future, offering promising solutions to the dual challenges of climate change and [...] As earlier noted, with rising global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the urgent need to address climate change, carbon utilization strategies have become key innovations in material science and environmental engineering. These strategies capture CO2, typically seen as a pollutant, and turn it into valuable products with many uses (Fu et al., 2022a; Raganati and Ammendola, 2024b; Eyitayo et al., 2024). From making renewable fuels and chemicals to creating advanced materials like carbon

• Carbon removal technology: our solution to fight global warming

  3. Underground storage: Once concentrated, the CO₂ is stored deep underground by our storage partners. In Iceland, our storage partner Carbfix utilizes a unique geological process to permanently store the CO₂ underground. The CO₂ is injected into deep basalt rock formations, where it reacts with the minerals to form stable carbonate minerals. This process effectively locks the CO₂ away, preventing its release back into the atmosphere - it remains safely stored for over 10,000 years. [...] 1. Residual emissions: Many industries and sectors find it extremely difficult to eliminate their CO₂ emissions.Carbon removal solutions can neutralize these residual emissions, helping to achieve net-zero goals. 2. Historic emissions: CO₂ has been accumulating in the atmosphere for decades, contributing to the climate crisis. Technologies like direct air capture can directly remove this historic CO₂ from the air, effectively reversing the effects of past emissions. Image 4 [...] 1. Atmospheric capture: Our advanced DAC facilities use specialized filters to extract CO₂ from the ambient air. These filters are designed to selectively capture CO₂ molecules, leaving other atmospheric gases unaffected. 2. CO₂ concentration: The captured CO₂ is then concentrated and purified to ensure its suitability for storage. This process involves a series of filtration and separation steps to remove impurities and increase the CO₂ concentration.

• Climate change mitigation: reducing emissions

  Mitigating climate change means reducing the flow of heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This involves cutting greenhouse gases from main sources such as power plants, factories, cars, and farms. Forests, oceans, and soil also absorb and store these gases, and are an important part of the solution. Reducing and avoiding our emissions requires us to reshape everything we do — from how we power our economy and grow our food, to how we travel and live, and the products we consume. [...] Providing more opportunities to recharge or fuel vehicles with alternative fuels,and providing alternative power supply for ships and planes; Encouraging international partners to increase their ambition to limit the rise in global temperature to 1.5°C and avoid the most severe consequences of climate change; Introducing a waste hierarchy for proper waste management that includes prevention, reuse, recycling, recovery, and disposal.