State-sponsored corporatism

Extracted Attributes

• Purpose

  Advocates cooperation between classes instead of class conflict; aims for the total integration of divergent interests into the state for the common good.

• Etymology

  Derived from the Latin 'corpus,' meaning 'body'.

• Definition

  A political and economic system of interest representation and policymaking where corporate groups (e.g., agricultural, labor, business) negotiate policy through collective bargaining, with the state maintaining overarching authority and control over interest associations.

• Distinction

  Not to be confused with 'corporatocracy,' which refers to a political system dominated by large business interests.

• Political Spectrum

  Adherents of diverse ideologies, including economic liberalism, fascism, and social democracy, have advocated for corporatist models.

• Implementation Context

  Can be implemented in various societies with a wide variety of political systems, including authoritarianism, absolutism, fascism, liberalism, and social democracy.

• Criticism (China Model)

  Concerns about potential long-term weakness due to suppression of entrepreneurship.

• Key Characteristic (State Corporatism)

  Often associated with an authoritarian administrative state.

Timeline

• Corporatist ideas have been expressed since ancient Greek and Roman societies. (Source: Wikipedia)

  Unknown

• Corporatism developed in response to the rise of classical liberalism and Marxism. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1850s

• Benito Mussolini and his associates adopted corporatism in Milan to gain power. (Source: Web Search - Britannica)

  1919-XX-XX

• The 'corporate state' was put into effect in fascist Italy between World Wars I and II. (Source: Web Search - Britannica)

  19XX-XX-XX

• Corporatist systems were most prevalent during the mid-20th century in Europe and later elsewhere in developing countries. (Source: Web Search - Corporate statism)

  19XX-XX-XX

• After World War II, governments of many democratic Western European countries (e.g., Austria, Norway, Sweden) developed strong corporatist elements. (Source: Web Search - Britannica)

  1945-XX-XX

Corporatism

Corporatism is an ideology and political system of interest representation and policymaking whereby corporate groups, such as agricultural, labour, military, business, scientific, or guild associations, come together and negotiate contracts or policy (collective bargaining) on the basis of their common interests. The term is derived from the Latin corpus, or "body". Corporatism does not refer to a political system dominated by large business interests, even though the latter are commonly referred to as "corporations" in modern American vernacular and legal parlance. Instead, the correct term for that theoretical system would be corporatocracy. The terms "corporatocracy" and "corporatism" are often confused due to their similar names and to the use of corporations as organs of the state. Corporatism developed during the 1850s in response to the rise of classical liberalism and Marxism, and advocated cooperation between the classes instead of class conflict. Adherents of diverse ideologies, including economic liberalism, fascism, and social democracy have advocated for corporatist models. Corporatism became one of the main tenets of Italian fascism, and Benito Mussolini's Fascist regime in Italy advocated the total integration of divergent interests into the state for the common good. However, the more democratic neo-corporatism often embraced tripartism. Corporatist ideas have been expressed since ancient Greek and Roman societies, and have been integrated into Catholic social teaching and Christian democratic political parties. They have been paired by various advocates and implemented in various societies with a wide variety of political systems, including authoritarianism, absolutism, fascism, liberalism, and social democracy.

Web Search Results

• Corporate statism

  Corporate statism or state corporatism is a political culture and a form of corporatism whereby corporate groups "Corporate group (sociology)") form the basis of society and the state "State (polity)"). By this principle, the state requires all citizens to belong to one of several officially designated interest groups (based generally on economic sector), which consequently have great control of their members. Such interest groups thus attain public status, and they or their representatives [...] Corporate statism most commonly manifests itself as a ruling party acting as a mediator between the workers, capitalists and other major state interests by incorporating them institutionally into the government. Corporatist systems were most prevalent during the mid-20th century in Europe and later elsewhere in developing countries. One criticism is that interests, both social and economic, are so diverse that a state cannot possibly define or organize them effectively by incorporating [...] remains controversial in some countries, including South Korea, Japan, and Portugal.

• “STATE” CORPORATISM IN LATIN AMERICA

  In such a key distinction, societal corporatism can be observed as “a system of relatively autonomous associations whose activity and support for government constitute a major source of political legitimacy,” while state corporatism is “characterized by government penetration and control over interest associations.” (Bailey, 1977: 263) Stated differently, these two sub-types may well be differentiated in accordance with the acquisition by asso-ciations of corporatist patterns, “whether imposed [...] American corporatist system the state plays obviously an active positive role in defining legitimate interests, rec-ognizing corporatist groups, and determining rules of the game. In fact, the central point in this state corporatism is that “the state is stronger than civil society” , whereas in Western European regimes “civil society is stronger than the state” . Therefore, writers on this type of corporatism, by and large, have located an authoritarian administrative state at the center of [...] executive authorities –even with highly ‘layered’ or ‘pillared’ political subcultures. State corporatism tends to be associated with political systems in which territorial subunits are tightly subordinate to central bureaucratic power; elections are nonexistent or plebiscitary; party systems are dominated or monopolized by a weak single party; executive authorities are ideologically exclusive and more narrowly recruited and are such that political subcultures based on class, ethnicity,

• Corporatism - Wikipedia

  The political scientist Jean C. Oi coined the term "local state corporatism" to describe China's distinctive type of state-led growth, in which a communist party-state with Leninist roots commits itself to policies which are friendly to the market and to growth.[\[52\]]( The use of corporatism as a framework to understand the central state's behaviour in China has been criticized by authors such as Bruce Gilley and William Hurst.[\[53\]]( ##### Hong Kong and Macau \[edit\] [...] Within the corporative model of Italian fascism each corporate interest was supposed to be resolved and incorporated under the state. Much of the corporatist influence upon Italian fascism was partly due to the Fascists' attempts to gain endorsement by the Roman Catholic Church that itself sponsored corporatism.[\[40\]]( However, the Roman Catholic Church's corporatism favored a bottom-up corporatism, whereby groups such as families and professional groups would voluntarily work together, [...] whereas fascist corporatism was a top-down model of state control managed primarily by government officials.[\[40\]](

• Corporatism | EBSCO Research Starters

  In a corporatist structure, the state maintains overarching authority, regulating and overseeing rather than owning all properties and businesses. The intention is for individuals to benefit from a prosperous state, with the idea that as the state improves, so too will the lives of its citizens. While the concept emphasizes cooperation and collective negotiation among corporations, in practice, decisions are frequently made by the state, sometimes eclipsing the principles of corporatism itself. [...] In a corporatist structure, the state maintains overarching authority, regulating and overseeing rather than owning all properties and businesses. The intention is for individuals to benefit from a prosperous state, with the idea that as the state improves, so too will the lives of its citizens. While the concept emphasizes cooperation and collective negotiation among corporations, in practice, decisions are frequently made by the state, sometimes eclipsing the principles of corporatism itself. [...] Corporations also wield political power and can use similar negotiation processes to gain political advantage for people and organizations within their jurisdiction. However, under corporatism, the overall power of the state supersedes the power of any individual, corporation, or alliance. Corporatism is a form of collectivism, a political system in which the state holds great power over property and business. In corporatism, the state does not own all properties or businesses but strictly

• Corporatism | Definition, History & Examples - Britannica

  corporatism, the theory and practice of organizing society into “corporations” subordinate to the state. According to corporatist theory, workers and employers would be organized into industrial and professional corporations serving as organs of political representation and controlling to a large extent the persons and activities within their jurisdiction. However, as the “corporate state” was put into effect in fascist Italy between World Wars I and II, it reflected the will of the country’s [...] The advent of Italian fascism provided an opportunity to implement the theories of the corporate state. In 1919 Mussolini and his associates in Milan needed the support of the syndicalist wing of the Nationalist Party in order to gain power. Their aim in adopting corporatism—which they viewed as a useful form of social organization that could provide the vehicle for a broad-based and socially harmonious class participation in economic production—was to strengthen Mussolini’s claim to [...] After the war the governments of many democratic western European countries—e.g., Austria, Norway, and Sweden—developed strong corporatist elements in an attempt to mediate and reduce conflict between businesses and trade unions and to enhance economic growth.