Crimea

Extracted Attributes

• Type

  Peninsula

• Location

  Northern coast of the Black Sea, Eastern Europe

• Population

  2.4 million

• Coordinates

  45.2835044 N, 34.2008188 E

• Largest City

  Sevastopol

• Historical Name

  Tauric Peninsula

• Surrounding Waters

  Black Sea, Sea of Azov

• Connection to Russia

  Crimean Bridge (to Krasnodar Krai)

• Strategic Importance

  Strategic crossroads, vital port for Russia's Black Sea fleet, key energy supplies (offshore oil and gas)

• Current De Facto Control

  Under Russian occupation since 2014

• Connection to Mainland Ukraine

  Isthmus of Perekop (to Kherson Oblast)

• International Recognition Status

  Recognized as part of Ukraine by most of the international community

Timeline

• Historically known as the Tauric Peninsula until the early modern period. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  0000-00-00

• Southern fringe colonized by Greeks and later absorbed by the Roman and Byzantine Empires. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  0000-00-00

• Some cities became trading colonies of Genoa. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  0000-00-00

• Batu Khan devastated the Crimean peninsula. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1238-00-00

• Interior came under the control of the Turco-Mongol Golden Horde. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1239-00-00

• Crimean Khanate emerged as a successor state to the Golden Horde. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  1400-00-00

• Crimean Khanate became a dependency of the Ottoman Empire. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  1400-00-00

• Annexed by the Russian Empire after the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  1783-00-00

• Underwent administrative reforms, first as Taurida Oblast. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1784-00-00

• New Taurida Governorate established with its capital at Simferopol. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1802-00-00

• Strategic position led to the Crimean War. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  1854-00-00

• Following the Russian Revolution, Crimea experienced many short-lived regimes. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  1917-00-00

• Remaining Crimean Tatars declared Crimea an independent democratic republic. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1917-00-00

• Served as the final redoubt for White (anti-Bolshevik) forces during the Russian Civil War. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1918-00-00

• Reorganized as the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian SFSR. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  1921-00-00

• Occupied by Germany during World War II. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  1941-06-22

• Crimean Tatars were forcibly deported under Joseph Stalin's orders, described as a cultural genocide. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  1944-00-00

• Downgraded from an autonomous republic to an oblast of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. (Source: Wikipedia, Web Search Results)

  1945-00-00

• Transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic by the USSR, on the 300th anniversary of the Pereyaslav Treaty. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  1954-00-00

• After Ukrainian independence, most of the peninsula was reorganized as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  1991-00-00

• The Republic of Crimea was formed (abolished in 1995). (Source: Web Search Results)

  1992-00-00

• A treaty allowed Russia to continue basing its Black Sea fleet in Sevastopol. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  1997-00-00

• Russia and Ukraine were involved in a dispute over the ownership of Tuzla Island in the Sea of Azov. (Source: Web Search Results)

  2003-00-00

• Occupied by Russian forces and annexed by Russia. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  2014-00-00

• The Crimean Bridge was constructed, spanning the Strait of Kerch and linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia. (Source: Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  2018-00-00

Crimea

Crimea ( kry-MEE-ə) is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia. The Arabat Spit, located to the northeast, is a narrow strip of land that separates the Syvash lagoons from the Sea of Azov. Across the Black Sea to the west lies Romania and to the south is Turkey. The population is 2.4 million, and the largest city is Sevastopol. The region, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine, has been under Russian occupation since 2014. Called the Tauric Peninsula until the early modern period, Crimea has historically been at the boundary between the classical world and the steppe. Greeks colonized its southern fringe and were absorbed by the Roman and Byzantine Empires and successor states while remaining culturally Greek. Some cities became trading colonies of Genoa, until conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Throughout this time the interior was occupied by a changing cast of steppe nomads, coming under the control of the Golden Horde in the 13th century from which the Crimean Khanate emerged as a successor state. In the 15th century, the Khanate became a dependency of the Ottoman Empire. Lands controlled by Russia and Poland-Lithuania were often the target of slave raids during this period. In 1783, after the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), the Russian Empire annexed Crimea. Crimea's strategic position led to the 1854 Crimean War and many short lived regimes following the 1917 Russian Revolution. When the Bolsheviks secured Crimea, it became an autonomous soviet republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. It was occupied by Germany during World War II. When the Soviets retook it in 1944, Crimean Tatars were ethnically cleansed and deported under the orders of Joseph Stalin, in what has been described as a cultural genocide. Crimea was downgraded to an oblast in 1945. In 1954, the USSR transferred the oblast to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on the 300th anniversary of the Pereyaslav Treaty in 1654. After Ukrainian independence in 1991, most of the peninsula was reorganized as the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The Soviet fleet in Crimea was in contention, but a 1997 treaty allowed Russia to continue basing its fleet in Sevastopol. In 2014, the peninsula was occupied by Russian forces and annexed by Russia, but most countries recognise Crimea as Ukrainian territory.

Web Search Results

• History of Crimea - Wikipedia

  Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Republic of Crimea "Republic of Crimea (1992–1995)") was formed in 1992, although the republic was abolished in 1995, with the Autonomous Republic of Crimea established firmly under Ukrainian authority and Sevastopol being administered as a city with special status. A 1997 treaty partitioned the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, ending the protracted Black Sea Fleet dispute and allowing Russia to continue basing its Black Sea fleet in Sevastopol with the [...] Crimea went through a number of administrative reforms after Russian annexation, first as the Taurida Oblast in 1784 but in 1796 it was divided into two counties and attached it to the Novorossiysk Governorate, with a new Taurida Governorate established in 1802 with its capital at Simferopol. The governorate included both Crimea as well as larger adjacent areas of the mainland. In 1826 Adam Mickiewicz published his seminal work The Crimean Sonnets after travelling through the Black Sea Coast. [...] Kiev lost its hold on the Crimean interior in the early 13th century due to the Mongol invasions. In the summer of 1238 Batu Khan devastated the Crimean peninsula and pacified Mordovia, reaching Kiev by 1240. The Crimean interior came under the control of the Turco-Mongol Golden Horde from 1239 to 1441. The name Crimea (via Italian, from Turkic Qirim) originates as the name of the provincial capital of the Golden Horde, the city now known as Staryi Krym.

• Word of the Week: Crimea's tumultuous history shrouds the origin of ...

  At the northern end of the Black Sea, Crimea sits at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. At various times in its long history, the region has either been coveted, conquered or controlled by the Greeks, the Roman Byzantines, the Genoese, the Mongols, Ottomans, Russians, Ukrainians, and even by the Germans for a brief period during World War II. [...] "Crimea is, of course, the English pronunciation of the modern Russian pronunciation of the name, \[which\] is 'Krym' and that is how it is pronounced in Ukrainian," he says. "Crimea is already an anglicized form of this." Still, he remains cautious. "We know it's a medieval name, probably coined in the 14th or 15th century. We know the rough language family. But we probably will never know the precise original word and meaning," Liberman says. ### How has the word been used over time? [...] Over time, Crimea became a key entrepot for commercial shipping and a vital port for Russia's Black Sea fleet. Image 17: An officer being poured a drink at an army camp in Russia, during the Crimean War. An officer being poured a drink at an army camp in Russia, during the Crimean War. Roger Fenton/Getty Images/Hulton Archive hide caption toggle caption Roger Fenton/Getty Images/Hulton Archive

• Crimea - Russian Annexation, Crimean War, Tatar Rule | Britannica

  After the war Crimea was downgraded from an autonomous republic to an oblast (region) of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, and in 1954 it was transferred to Ukraine to mark the 300th anniversary of the Pereyaslav Agreement, a treaty that had submitted Ukraine to Russian rule. With the death of Stalin and the ascent of Nikita Khrushchev as Soviet leader, other nationalities that had been subjected to internal deportation were eventually allowed to return to their native regions. [...] When the Revolution of 1917 led to the collapse of the Russian Empire, the remaining Crimean Tatars declared Crimea to be an independent democratic republic. During the Russian Civil War (1918–20), Crimea served as the final redoubt for White (anti-Bolshevik) forces, and their defeat spelled the end of the independent Crimean state. The peninsula was reorganized as the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921. The Soviet collectivization process was especially harsh in Crimea, and [...] ## Crimea in the Soviet Union and independent Ukraine Crimea

• Why Was Crimea Taken So Easily? Nine Years In Ukraine | IWM

  Furthermore, Crimea is home to key energy supplies, including huge amounts of offshore oil and gas resources in the Black Sea. For years, Ukraine’s government under President Viktor Yanukovych tried to decrease the amount of energy that they were importing from Russia, particularly gas. Annexing Crimea allowed Russia to gain control of some of those vital energy assets. Alongside its geographical value, Putin undoubtedly saw the annexation of Crimea as a politically strategic move. [...] Now, this is obviously a major sticking point in negotiations because Russia has explicitly also said that Crimea cannot be part of the negotiations and that it considers it to be Russian territory, even though this is, of course, internationally unrecognised as Russian territory. So, it seems that Crimea is likely to be a continued stumbling block in any kind of resolution to the current war. And as Zelenskiy has put it, "this began with Crimea, and it's likely to end with Crimea." [...] Khrushchev took power of the Soviet Union in 1953, and he had less of Stalin’s anti-Ukrainian anxieties. In 1954, the Crimean Peninsula was ceremoniously transferred from the Russian S.F.S.R to Ukraine. On 1 December 1991, a referendum on Independence was held in Ukraine. The population voted overwhelmingly for independence. Geographically, the Crimean Peninsula in the Black Sea holds a location of great strategic importance.

• Strategic Culture and Geography: Russia's Southern Seas after ...

  Emerging from the mouth of the Don River, Russian warships transiting from the Caspian enter the Sea of Azov, a body of water legally shared by Ukraine and Russia according to a 2003 agreement. Although the international community began paying attention to the conflict around the Sea of Azov only after 2014, when Russia annexed Crimea, Russia had been seeking to gain more control over the sea since at least 2003, when the two sides were involved in a dispute over the ownership of Tuzla Island [...] The annexation of Crimea transformed Russia’s previously weak strategic position in the Black Sea. It ended the restrictions imposed by Ukraine on modernization of the Black Sea Fleet and the fleet’s main harbor at Sevastopol. It ensured Russian _de facto_ control over the Kerch Strait and, consequently, the Sea of Azov and it expanded Russia’s _de facto_ shoreline on the Black Sea from 421 kilometers to 1,200 kilometers, adding almost 500 kilometers of coastline in the Azov Sea.22 Although [...] Since Russia’s annexation of Crimea, the Sea of Azov has become strategically critical for Russia because it could be used to isolate the Crimean peninsula from the Russian mainland in case of military conflict; in response, the Russian navy has rapidly built up its naval capacity in Rostov-on-Don, and Russia has built new infrastructure, above all the Crimean Bridge, a $6 billion road and rail link between Crimea and the Russian mainland.18 The bridge has effectively transformed the geography

• Image

  

• Country

  Russia

• Located In

  Autonomous Republic of Crimea

• Instance Of

  Q34763

• Population

  2,340,921

• Coordinates

  Lat: 45.0, Lon: 34.0

Crimea (/kraɪˈmiːə/ kry-MEE-ə) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea. It has a population of 2.4 million. The peninsula is almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. To the east, the Crimean Bridge, constructed in 2018, spans the Strait of Kerch, linking the peninsula with Krasnodar Krai in Russia. The Arabat Spit, located to the northeast, is a narrow strip of land that separates the Sivash lagoons from the Sea of Azov. Across the Black Sea to the west lies Romania and to the south is Turkey. Crimea (called the Tauric Peninsula until the early modern period) has historically been at the boundary between the classical world and the steppe. Greeks colonized its southern fringe and were absorbed by the Roman and Byzantine Empires and successor states while remaining culturally Greek. Some cities became trading colonies of Genoa, until conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Throughout this time the interior was occupied by a changing cast of steppe nomads. In the 14th century it became part of the Golden Horde; the Crimean Khanate emerged as a successor state. In the 15th century, the Khanate became a dependency of the Ottoman Empire. Russia was often the target of slave raids during this period. In 1783, the Russian Empire annexed Crimea after an earlier war with Turkey. Crimea's strategic position led to the 1854 Crimean War and many short lived regimes following the 1917 Russian Revolution. When the Bolsheviks secured Crimea it became an autonomous soviet republic within Russia. During World War II, Crimea was downgraded to an oblast. In 1944 Crimean Tatars were ethnically cleansed and deported under the orders of Joseph Stalin, in what has been described as a cultural genocide. The USSR transferred Crimea to Ukraine on the 300th anniversary of the Pereyaslav Treaty in 1954. After Ukrainian independence in 1991 the central government and Crimea clashed, with the region being granted more autonomy. The Soviet fleet in Crimea was also in contention but a 1997 treaty allowed Russia to continue basing its fleet in Sevastopol. In 2014, the Russians occupied the peninsula and organized an illegal referendum in support of Russian annexation, but most countries recognize Crimea as Ukrainian territory.