GLP-1 Agonists

Extracted Attributes

• Class of Drugs

  Anorectic drugs, Incretin mimetics, GLP-1 analogs, GLP-1RAs

• Associated Benefits

  Cardiovascular risk reduction, potential for chronic kidney disease progression decrease

• Physiological Effects

  Reduces blood sugar, reduces energy intake, suppresses appetite

• Administration Methods

  Primarily injectable (subcutaneous), with some oral formulations available

• Initial Therapeutic Area

  Type 2 Diabetes

• Dosing Frequency Examples

  Daily, twice daily, or weekly depending on the specific drug

• Related Scientific Concept

  'Fat cell memory' in epigenetics, explaining weight regain post-discontinuation

• Primary Mechanism of Action

  Mimics endogenous incretin hormone GLP-1 and activates GLP-1 receptor

• Current Approved Therapeutic Areas

  Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome

• Recommended First-Line Therapy For

  Type 2 Diabetes (especially with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or obesity, as per 2022 ADA standards)

• Examples of Dual/Poly-Agonist Peptides

  Tirzepatide (GLP-1/GIP), Mazdutide (GLP-1/GCGR), Retatrutide (GLP-1/GIP/GCGR)

• Examples of Monotherapy GLP-1 Agonists

  Dulaglutide, Exenatide, Liraglutide, Lixisenatide, Semaglutide

Timeline

• The American Diabetes Association standards of medical care recommend GLP-1 agonists as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, specifically in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or obesity. (Source: Wikipedia, Summary)

  2022-01-01

GLP-1 receptor agonist

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, also known as GLP-1 analogs, GLP-1RAs, or incretin mimetics, are a class of anorectic drugs that reduce blood sugar and energy intake by activating the GLP-1 receptor. They mimic the actions of the endogenous incretin hormone GLP-1, which is released by the gut after eating. GLP-1 agonists were initially developed for type 2 diabetes. The 2022 American Diabetes Association standards of medical care recommend GLP-1 agonists as a first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, specifically in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or obesity. The drugs were also noted to reduce food intake and body weight significantly, and some have been approved to treat obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome in the absence of diabetes. They are also in development for other indications, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, and diseases of the reward system such as addictions.

Web Search Results

• GLP-1 receptor agonist

  Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia ## Contents # GLP-1 receptor agonist Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, also known as GLP-1 analogs, GLP-1RAs, or incretin mimetics, are a class of anorectic drugs that reduce blood sugar and energy intake by activating the GLP-1 receptor. They mimic the actions of the endogenous incretin hormone GLP-1, which is released by the gut after eating. [...] GLP-1 agonists were initially developed for type 2 diabetes. The 2022 American Diabetes Association (ADA) standards of medical care in diabetes include GLP-1 agonists or SGLT2 inhibitors as a first-line pharmacological therapy for type 2 diabetes in patients who have or are at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or heart failure. They are also a first-line treatment for people with both type 2 diabetes and kidney disease. Both types of medication can be combined with metformin. [...] | GLP-1 receptor agonists | Albiglutide‡ Danuglipron† Dulaglutide Exenatide Liraglutide Lixisenatide Orforglipron† Semaglutide Taspoglutide† | | | | --- | --- | | GLP1 poly-agonist peptides | Mazdutide (GLP-1/GCGR) Retatrutide§ (GLP-1/GIP/GCGR) Tirzepatide (GLP-1/GIP) | |

• GLP-1 Agonists

  GLP-1 agonists are most often injectable medications, meaning you inject a liquid medication with a needle and syringe. You give the shots in the fatty tissue just under your skin (subcutaneous injection). Areas of your body you can give the injections include your belly, outer thighs, upper buttocks and the backs of your arms. Other names for this medication class include: Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists. GLP-1 receptor agonists. Incretin mimetics. GLP-1 analogs. [...] GLP-1 agonist medications work by mimicking this hormone. In medication terms, an agonist is a manufactured substance that attaches to a cell receptor and causes the same action as the naturally occurring substance. In other words, GLP-1 medications bind to GLP receptors to trigger the effects (or roles) of the GLP-1 hormone. The higher the dose of the GLP-1 agonist, the more extreme the effects. [...] Dulaglutide (Trulicity®). Exenatide (Byetta®). Exenatide extended-release (Bydureon®). Liraglutide (Victoza®). Lixisenatide (Adlyxin®). Semaglutide injection (Ozempic®). Semaglutide tablets (Rybelsus®). There’s also a similar class of medications called dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists. There’s currently one of these medications on the market. It’s called tirzepatide (Mounjaro®). Advertisement ### How do GLP-1 agonists work?

• Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists - StatPearls - NCBI

  Structurally, these agents fall into 2 broad categories: human GLP-1 backbone agents and exendin-4 backbone agents. Below are FDA-approved GLP-1 agonists. Human GLP-1 backbone: Dulaglutide Albiglutide - discontinued Liraglutide Semaglutide Exendin-4 backbone: Exenatide (2 formulations) Lixisenatide - discontinued Tirzepatide is a GIP analog that activates both the GLP-1 and GIP receptors. [...] As per the 2023 ADA guidelines, GLP-1 receptor agonists are recommended for mitigating cardiovascular risk. These agents not only lower the chances of cardiovascular events and hypoglycemia but also demonstrate potential in potentially decreasing the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). GLP-1 agonists are recommended for individuals with a history of clinical ASCVD (eg, prior myocardial infarction, stroke.( agonists, with proven cardiovascular benefits, include Liraglutide, subcutaneous [...] Many formulations of GLP-1 agonists were historically injectable. GLP-1 agonists are generally administered subcutaneously due to poor oral bioavailability. Liraglutide is dosed daily. Dulaglutide and semaglutide dosing is weekly, and exenatide can be dosed twice daily or once weekly. Recently, the FDA approved an oral formulation of Semaglutide. Researchers have suspended trials investigating taspoglutide as a novel GLP-1 analog due to GI side effects and hypersensitivity reactions.(

• Diabetes drugs and weight loss

  GLP-1 agonists for type 2 diabetes are generally taken by a shot, also called an injection. Most are taken once a day or once a week. GLP-1 agonists include the following medicines. Taken once a day by a shot: Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda). Lixisenatide (Adlyxin). Taken twice a day by a shot: Exenatide (Byetta). Taken once a week by a shot: Dulaglutide (Trulicity). Exenatide extended release (Bydureon BCise). Semaglutide (Ozempic).

• Mechanisms of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist-Induced Weight Loss

  Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) have become central in managing obesity and type 2 diabetes, primarily through appetite suppression and metabolic regulation. This review explores the mechanisms underlying GLP-1 RA-induced weight loss, focusing on central and peripheral pathways. Centrally, GLP-1 RAs modulate brain regions controlling appetite, influencing neurotransmitter and peptide release to regulate hunger and energy expenditure. Peripherally, GLP-1 RAs improve [...] Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) have emerged as an important therapeutic class for managing type 2 diabetes and obesity. These agents mimic the effects of endogenous GLP-1, which is produced in the intestines in response to food intake100059-2/fulltext#) 1. Muller, TD ∙ Finan, B ∙ Bloom, SR ... Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) _Mol Metab._ 2019; 30:72-130 Crossref Scopus (1224) PubMed Google Scholar [...] Currently, three GLP-1-based agents (liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide) are approved for chronic weight management (Table00059-2/fulltext#tbl0001)). Tirzepatide, a dual GLP-1, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor co-agonist represents an important advancement, demonstrating enhanced efficacy in weight reduction and broadening the therapeutic landscape of anti-obesity medications. As new agents targeting multiple metabolic pathways are expected to enter the