Abraham Accords

Extracted Attributes

• Type

  Set of normalization agreements

• Purpose

  Establish diplomatic relations, formalize economic, diplomatic, and security cooperation

• Mediator

  United States (Donald Trump administration)

• Driving Factor

  Shared concerns about Iran

• Origin of Name

  Shared Abrahamic heritage of Judaism and Islam

• Economic Impact

  New initiatives in trade, defense, energy, technology, cultural exchange, direct flights, business partnerships, investment, growth

• Key Negotiators

  Jared Kushner, Avi Berkowitz

• Security Impact

  U.S. agreed to sell F35 warplanes to UAE

• Location of Signing

  White House, Washington, D.C., United States

• Consequence for Sudan

  Removal from U.S. list of state sponsors of terrorism, access to international financial support

• Consequence for Morocco

  U.S. recognition of sovereignty over Western Sahara

• Public Opinion in Arab Countries

  Mixed, often opposed due to lack of progress on Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Timeline

• Growing unofficial cooperation between Israel and Sunni Arab states, driven by shared concerns about Iran. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2010s

• Efforts to build ties between Israel and Gulf states became increasingly public, including visits by Israeli officials and the start of limited military and intelligence cooperation. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2018

• Initial announcement of a normalization agreement between Israel and the United Arab Emirates, brokered in exchange for the suspension of Israeli plans to annex parts of the West Bank. (Source: Wikipedia, DBPedia, Web Search)

  2020-08-13

• Announcement of a follow-up normalization agreement between Israel and Bahrain. (Source: Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  2020-09-11

• Official signing ceremony for the Abraham Accords at the White House, formalizing agreements between Israel, the UAE, and Bahrain. (Source: Wikipedia, DBPedia, Web Search, Wikidata)

  2020-09-15

• Morocco joined the accords and normalized relations with Israel, following U.S. recognition of Moroccan control over Western Sahara. (Source: Wikipedia, DBPedia, Web Search)

  2020-12

• Sudan joined the Abraham Accords and normalized relations with Israel, after the Trump administration removed Sudan from the U.S. list of state sponsors of terrorism. (Source: DBPedia, Web Search)

  2021-01

• Sudan's agreement with Israel remains unratified. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2024

• Reports indicated that the second Trump administration was initiating efforts to expand the accords to include Syria, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2025-07

Abraham Accords

The Abraham Accords are a set of agreements that established diplomatic normalization between Israel and several Arab states, beginning with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. Announced in August and September 2020 and signed in Washington, D.C. on September 15, 2020, the accords were mediated by the United States under President Donald Trump. The UAE and Bahrain became the first Arab countries to formally recognize Israel since Jordan in 1994. In the months that followed, Sudan and Morocco also agreed to normalize relations with Israel, although Sudan's agreement remains unratified as of 2024. In July 2025, it was reported that the second Trump administration was initiating the expansion of the accords to include Syria, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia. The accords emerged against the backdrop of growing unofficial cooperation between Israel and Sunni Arab states throughout the 2010s, driven by shared concerns about Iran. Efforts to build ties had become increasingly public by 2018, with visits by Israeli officials to Gulf states and the start of limited military and intelligence cooperation. In mid-2020, a normalization deal between Israel and the UAE was brokered in exchange for the suspension of Israeli plans to annex parts of the West Bank, as proposed in the Trump peace plan. The agreements formalized economic, diplomatic, and security cooperation. In Morocco's case, normalization came with U.S. recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara. For Sudan, it included removal from the U.S. list of state sponsors of terrorism and access to international financial support. The accords were presented in elaborate ceremonies and widely promoted by the Trump administration as a major diplomatic achievement. Reactions in the Arab world were mixed. While governments expressed support, public opinion in many countries remained opposed, particularly due to the accords' lack of progress on resolving the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Despite this, the accords led to new initiatives in trade, defense, energy, technology, and cultural exchange. The name "Abraham Accords" was chosen to reflect the shared heritage of the Abrahamic religions—Judaism and Islam.

Web Search Results

• The Abraham Accords - StandWithUs

  The Abraham Accords are a series of treaties normalizing diplomatic relations between Israel, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco, facilitated by the U.S. Administration between August and December, 2020. In the span of five short months, these four Arab states joined Egypt and Jordan in making peace with Israel. The agreements were called “The Abraham Accords” in honor of Abraham - the patriarch of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. [...] The Abraham Accords began with the groundbreaking Israel-UAE agreement in August, 2020. The UAE and Israel have never fought militarily, but the UAE did participate in the Arab League boycott against Israel, which had been in place since Israel’s establishment in 1948. The agreement was the result of shared interests regarding threats posed by Iran’s regime and years of quiet/secret cooperation. [...] In a move widely seen as tied to the Abraham Accords, the U.S. agreed to sell advanced F35 warplanes to the UAE. This raised concerns among Israeli security officials that these planes could be used to threaten Israel in the future. U.S. and Israeli officials have discussed the issue and seem to have reached an understanding about ensuring Israel can effectively defend itself. Israel and Bahrain announced a similar agreement in September, 2020.

• The Abraham Accords, Explained | AJC - American Jewish Committee

  On September 15, 2020, leaders across the Middle East signed the Abraham Accords. This landmark agreement normalized diplomatic relations between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, then later a renewal in ties with Morocco. The Abraham Accords are a game changer in the Middle East, providing new opportunities for direct flights, people-to-people exchanges, business partnerships, and government agreements that have all led to investment and growth in the area.

• The Abraham Accords After Gaza: A Change of Context

  The Abraham Accords, signed at the White House on September 15, 2020, during President Donald Trump’s first administration, represented a landmark achievement in U.S. Middle Eastern diplomacy. The agreements led to peace agreements between Israel and the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Morocco soon thereafter. Israel also initiated a normalization process with Sudan, but this did not lead to the normalization of relations because of Sudan’s domestic turmoil. [...] From the United States’ perspective, the Abraham Accords served a dual purpose of solidifying the U.S. role as regional security guarantor while bypassing the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. By presenting itself as a patron and guarantor of these accords, Washington also sought to counterbalance China’s rising regional influence, particularly in advanced technologies. The Joe Biden administration endorsed and tried to carry over the accords, with Saudi Arabia emerging as the focus of its expanded [...] As regional tensions rose during the Gaza conflict, Arab-Israeli contact resulting from the Abraham Accords was mainly confined to state-to-state relations and discrete business-to-business ties as societal-level contacts waned, if they were not reversed entirely. This was accompanied by a surge in popular opposition from Arab publics to Arab-Israeli normalization. Nevertheless, the original accords were largely preserved, primarily because of the strategic advantages they offered. The UAE,

• Abraham Accords Peace Institute: Home

  The Abraham Accords Peace Institute is a non-partisan, non-profit U.S. organization dedicated to supporting the implementation and expansion of these historic peace agreements. The mission of the Institute is to strengthen the new bonds created through the Abraham Accords and ensure that these relationships achieve their fullest potential. [...] The signing of the Abraham Accords ushered in a transformation in the relationship between Israel and the world’s Arab nations. With the United States’ strong bi-partisan support, over the course of four short months, between August and December 2020, four countries followed Egypt and Jordan’s bold leadership and moved to initiate the diplomatic process to normalize bilateral ties with Israel. In signing these agreements, the United States, the UAE, Bahrain, and Israel, shortly followed by [...] The Abraham Accords serve as the foundation for a peace process in the Middle East by demonstrating the tangible benefits of interpersonal ties, trade, commerce, and mutual cooperation. This effort seizes the historic opportunity to unleash the Middle East's potential, keep America safe, and help the region turn the page on a generation of conflict and instability toward a new era of multilateral cooperation. ## The Institute

• Celebrating the 4th anniversary of the Abraham Accords | AJC

  When Americans watch the images coming out of the Middle East these days, it is easy to think about the region as hopelessly mired in chaos and war. It is therefore all the more important to recall the promise of a region moving toward cooperation, dialogue, and mutual understanding as represented by the Abraham Accords, which were signed between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and also Israel and Bahrain, at a White House ceremony on September 15, 2020. The Abraham Accords established [...] The Abraham Accords represent the antithesis to this fanatical nihilism, an antithesis in which Israel is an accepted part of a Middle East. This is the vision in which Jews, Muslims, and Christians all contribute constructively to the phenomenal economic growth of a region that represents the world’s highest concentration of capital, energy, and transportation connections. Linking in India, as outlined in the India-Middle East Economic Corridor (IMEC) initiative, offers the further possibility [...] The Abraham Accords marked a different approach to Arab-Israeli peacemaking, including people-to-people engagement in the form of trade, investment, and tourism, as well as scientific, technological, and medical exchanges, and interreligious dialogues. I have had the privilege to watch these relations flourish since I assumed the position of director of the American Jewish Committee’s (AJC) office in Abu Dhabi, three years ago. While there is no question that this new approach to peace has been

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• Instance Of

  Q93288

• Inception Date

  9/15/2020

The Abraham Accords are a series of joint normalization statements initially between Israel, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain, effective since September 15, 2020. Mediated by the United States, the initial announcement of August 13, 2020, concerned only Israel and the United Arab Emirates before the announcement of a follow-up agreement between Israel and Bahrain on September 11, 2020. On September 15, 2020, the official signing ceremony for the Abraham Accords was hosted by the United States at the White House. As part of the dual agreements, both the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain recognized Israel's sovereignty, enabling the establishment of full diplomatic relations. Israel's establishment of diplomatic relations with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain marked the first instance of Arab–Israeli normalization since 1994, when the Israel–Jordan peace treaty came into effect. The Abraham Accords were signed by Bahraini foreign minister Abdullatif bin Rashid Al-Zayani and Emirati foreign minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al-Nahyan vis-à-vis Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, with American president Donald Trump as witness. They were negotiated by Trump's son-in-law and senior advisor Jared Kushner and Kushner's assistant Avi Berkowitz. The official document titles of the separate agreements for the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain were, respectively: Abraham Accords Peace Agreement: Treaty of Peace, Diplomatic Relations and Full Normalization Between the United Arab Emirates and the State of Israel and Abraham Accords: Declaration of Peace, Cooperation, and Constructive Diplomatic and Friendly Relations. The name of the Abraham Accords is rooted in the common belief of the Abrahamic religions—particularly Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—regarding the role of Abraham as a patriarch. In December 2020, Morocco joined the accords and normalized relations with Israel after the Trump administration recognized Moroccan control over the disputed Western Sahara region. In January 2021, Sudan joined the Abraham Accords and normalized relations with Israel after the Trump administration removed Sudan from the State Department list of "state sponsors of terrorism."