Larry Summers

Extracted Attributes

• Born

  1954-11-30

• Award

  John Bates Clark Medal (1993)

• Uncle

  Kenneth Arrow (Nobel Laureate in Economics)

• Father

  Robert Summers (economist)

• Mother

  Anita Summers (economist)

• Spouse

  Elisa New

• Children

  6

• Education

  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (B.S., 1975), Harvard University (Ph.D., 1982)

• Full Name

  Lawrence Henry Summers

• Birthplace

  New Haven, Connecticut, United States

• Occupation

  Economist, Professor

• Nationality

  American

• Current Position

  Director, Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government at the Harvard Kennedy School

Timeline

• Born in New Haven, Connecticut. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1954-11-30

• Graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with a Bachelor of Science degree. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1975

• Received his Ph.D. from Harvard University. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1982

• Became a professor of economics at Harvard University, one of the youngest tenured professors in Harvard's history. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1983

• Received the annual Alan T. Waterman Award of the National Science Foundation. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1987

• Left Harvard University to work as Chief Economist of the World Bank. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1991

• Began serving as Chief Economist of the World Bank. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1991

• Concluded his role as Chief Economist of the World Bank. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1993

• Appointed Under Secretary for International Affairs of the United States Department of the Treasury under President Bill Clinton's administration. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1993

• Awarded the John Bates Clark Medal. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1993

• Played a leading role in the American response to the economic crisis in Mexico. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1994

• Promoted to Deputy Secretary of the Treasury under Robert Rubin. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1995

• Played a key role in the international response to the Asian financial crisis. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1997

• Played a key role in the international response to the Russian financial crisis. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1998

• Sworn in as the 71st Secretary of the Treasury, succeeding Robert Rubin. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1999-07

• Concluded his term as United States Secretary of the Treasury. (Source: Summary)

  2001

• Began serving as the 27th president of Harvard University. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2001

• Gave a controversial speech regarding the under-representation of women in science and engineering. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2005

• Resigned as Harvard's president in the wake of a no-confidence vote by Harvard faculty. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2006

• Worked as a managing partner at the hedge fund D. E. Shaw & Co. after leaving Harvard. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2006

• Rejoined public service as the Director of the White House United States National Economic Council for President Barack Obama. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2009-01

• Concluded his role as Director of the National Economic Council. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2010-11

• Joined the board of directors of artificial general intelligence company OpenAI. (Source: Summary)

  2023-11

Lawrence Summers

Lawrence Henry Summers (born November 30, 1954) is an American economist who served as United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001 and as the director of the National Economic Council from 2009 to 2010. He also served as president of Harvard University from 2001 to 2006, where he is the Charles W. Eliot University Professor and director of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government at the Harvard Kennedy School. In November 2023, Summers joined the board of directors of artificial general intelligence company OpenAI. Summers became a professor of economics at Harvard University in 1983. He left Harvard in 1991, working as the Chief Economist of the World Bank from 1991 to 1993. In 1993, Summers was appointed Under Secretary for International Affairs of the United States Department of the Treasury under President Bill Clinton's administration. In 1995, he was promoted to Deputy Secretary of the Treasury under his long-time political mentor Robert Rubin. In 1999, he succeeded Rubin as Secretary of the Treasury. While working for the Clinton administration, Summers played a leading role in the American response to the 1994 economic crisis in Mexico, the 1997 Asian financial crisis, and the 1998 Russian financial crisis. He was also influential in the Harvard Institute for International Development and American-advised privatization of the economies of the post-Soviet states, and in the deregulation of the U.S. financial system, including the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act. Following the end of Clinton's term, Summers served as the 27th president of Harvard University from 2001 to 2006. Summers resigned as Harvard's president in the wake of a no-confidence vote by Harvard faculty, which resulted in large part from Summers's conflict with Cornel West, financial conflict of interest questions regarding his relationship with Andrei Shleifer, and a 2005 speech in which he offered three reasons for the under-representation of women in science and engineering, including the possibility that there exists a "different availability of aptitude at the high end", in addition to patterns of discrimination and socialization. After his departure from Harvard, Summers worked as a managing partner at the hedge fund D. E. Shaw & Co. Summers rejoined public service during the Obama administration, serving as the Director of the White House United States National Economic Council for President Barack Obama from January 2009 until November 2010, where he emerged as a key economic decision-maker in the Obama administration's response to the Great Recession.

Web Search Results

• Lawrence Summers - Wikipedia

  Summers was born in New Haven, Connecticut, on November 30, 1954, into a Jewish family. He was the son of two economists, Robert Summers "Robert Summers (economist)") (who changed the family surname from Samuelson) and Anita Summers (of Romanian-Jewish ancestry), who were both professors at the University of Pennsylvania. He is also the nephew of two Nobel laureates in economics: Paul Samuelson (brother of Robert Summers) and Kenneth Arrow (brother of Anita Arrow Summers). He spent most of his [...] Summers was a leading voice within the Clinton Administration arguing against American leadership in greenhouse gas reductions and against US participation in the Kyoto Protocol, according to internal documents made public in 2009. As Treasury Secretary, Summers led the Clinton Administration's opposition to tax cuts proposed by the Republican Congress in 1999. [...] At age 16, he entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he originally intended to study physics but soon switched to economics, graduating in 1975. He was also an active member of the MIT debating team and qualified for participation in the annual National Debate Tournament three times. He attended Harvard University as a graduate student, receiving his Ph.D. in 1982. In 1983, at age 28, Summers became one of the youngest tenured professors in Harvard's history. He was a

• Lawrence H. Summers | World Bank Live

  Former Treasury SecretaryLawrence H. Summers is one of America’s leading economists. In addition to serving as 71st Secretary of the Treasury in the Clinton Administration, Dr. Summers served as Director of the White House National Economic Council in the Obama Administration, as President of Harvard University, and as the Chief Economist of the World Bank. [...] President Bill Clinton said that Larry Summers “has the rare ability to see the world that is taking shape and the skill to help to bring it into being.” He has been recognized as one of the world’s most influential thinkers by Time, Foreign Policy, Prospect and The Economist magazines among many others. In his speeches, television appearances, newspaper columns and public commentary, he continues to move forward the debate on national and global economic policy. ### Stay connected [...] Summers chairs the board of the Center for Global Development and serves as vice chair of the Peterson Institute for International Economics and as a board member or advisory board member to a number of other non-profits and public policy organizations. He is a contributor to Bloomberg’s Wall Street Week and a contributing columnist to The Washington Post. He is an advisor to businesses and investors and serves on the board of Square, States Title/Doma and SkillSoft Corporation. He also

• Lawrence Summers (1999 - 2001) | U.S. Department of the Treasury

  Internationally, Summers worked to address the challenges presented by modern capital markets. His work with the International Monetary Fund contributed to a more effective surveillance of financial vulnerabilities, greater transparency in the international financial system, the introduction of new lending facilities to deal with capital account crises, and improvements in IMB lending practices. Summers was a key figure domestically and internationally in securing significant expansion in debt [...] As Under Secretary and Deputy Secretary of the Treasury, Summers worked closely with Secretaries Bentsen and Rubin in formulating domestic and international economic policies. He played a key role in designing the United States support program for Mexico in the wake of its 1995 financial crisis and in crafting the international response to the Asian financial crisis of 1997. As Deputy Secretary, Summers was also instrumental in the introduction of indexed Treasury debt securities and in the [...] Lawrence H. Summers was sworn in as the 71st Secretary of the Treasury in July 1999 after serving as Under Secretary for International Affairs and Deputy Secretary of the Treasury. From 1991 to 1993 he served as Chief Economist of the World Bank, where he played a key role in designing strategies to assist developing countries. Before coming to Washington, Summers had a distinguished academic career as the Nathaniel Ropes Professor of Political Economy at Harvard University.

• Lawrence H. Summers | Harvard Kennedy School

  Lawrence H. Summers is the Charles W. Eliot University Professor and President Emeritus at Harvard University. He directs the Harvard Kennedy School’s Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government. During the past four decades he has served in a series of senior policy positions, 71st Secretary of the Treasury for President Clinton, Director of the National Economic Council for President Obama and the Chief Economist of the World Bank. [...] Summers received a bachelor of science degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975 and was awarded a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1982. In 1983, he became one of the youngest individuals in recent history to be named as a tenured member of the Harvard University faculty. In 1987 Mr. Summers became the first social scientist ever to receive the annual Alan T. Waterman Award of the National Science Foundation (NSF). In 1993, he was awarded the John Bates Clark Medal, given every two [...] He and his wife Elisa New, Host and Director of PBS’ Poetry in America, reside in Brookline, MA and have six children. Click here to link to Professor Summers’ personal website for additional biographical information and recent commentary. ##### Courses ### American Economic Policy ### Globalization: Past, Present and Future Challenges ### Academic Journal/Scholarly Articles ### Book Chapters ### Research Papers/Reports ### Magazine and Newspaper Articles

• Larry Summers Announces His Resignation from Harvard - FIRE

  It’s official; after a rancorous tenure, Harvard President Lawrence Summers resigned today. I share the concerns of Harvard’s Professor Alan Dershowitz (a member of FIRE’s Board of Editors for its series of Guides to Student Rights on Campus) who wrote in the Times Online about the most notorious controversy surrounding Larry Summers. As many will remember, much of the current kerfuffle began when Summers gave a controversial speech indicating that there might be different levels of aptitude [...] It began with the enactment of speech codes, harassment policies and other disciplinary mechanisms designed to censor speech deemed offensive to some. The Summers presidency has stood in stark contrast to political correctness. He has refused to subscribe to the first commandment for university presidents: make only speeches that risk offending nobody.