Antisemitism

Extracted Attributes

• Types

  Racial antisemitism, Religious antisemitism, New antisemitism

• Nature

  Considered a form of racism

• Definition

  Hostility, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews

• Original Term

  Antisemitismus (German)

• Manifestations

  Subtle expressions of hatred, discrimination, violence, pogroms, genocide

• Origin of Term

  First used in print in Germany in 1879

• Modern Increase

  Increased incidents in Europe, the Middle East, and North America in recent years

• Purpose of Term

  More 'scientific-sounding term' for 'Judenhass' (Jew-hatred)

• Alternative Name

  Jew-hatred

• Historical Context

  Anti-Jewish hatred and Judeophobia date back to ancient times

• Primary Historical Site

  Europe

• Common Tropes/Conspiracies

  Jewish control of government, banks, media; Jewish responsibility for spreading disease; 'Jewish power' in business; 'dual loyalty'

• Etymological Clarification

  Specifically directed against Jews, not all Semitic peoples

Timeline

• Anti-Jewish hatred and Judeophobia date back to this period. (Source: Web Search)

  Ancient times

• Rhineland massacres preceding the First Crusade. (Source: DBPedia)

  1096

• Edict of Expulsion from England. (Source: DBPedia)

  1290-01-01

• Persecution of Jews during the Black Death (lasting until 1351). (Source: DBPedia)

  1348-01-01

• Massacres of Spanish Jews. (Source: DBPedia)

  1391-01-01

• Expulsion from Spain. (Source: DBPedia)

  1492-01-01

• Cossack massacres in Ukraine (lasting until 1657). (Source: DBPedia)

  1648-01-01

• Various anti-Jewish pogroms began in the Russian Empire (lasting until 1906). (Source: DBPedia, Web Search)

  1821-01-01

• The compound word 'Antisemitismus' was first used in print in Germany as a 'scientific-sounding term' for 'Judenhass' (Jew-hatred). (Source: Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  1879-01-01

• Dreyfus affair began in France (lasting until 1906). (Source: DBPedia)

  1894-01-01

• Sharp rise in antisemitic incidents across the Arab world. (Source: Wikipedia, DBPedia)

  Early 20th century

• The Holocaust, the systematic murder of roughly 6 million European Jews by the Nazis in German-occupied Europe during World War II (lasting until 1945). (Source: Web Search, DBPedia)

  1939-01-01

• The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) adopted a non-legally binding 'working definition' of antisemitism. (Source: Web Search)

  2016-05-26

• Rising antisemitism was discussed on the All-In Podcast, with Reid Hoffman addressing his funding of groups involved in the issue. (Source: Related Documents)

  Recent times

• Increase in antisemitic incidents in parts of Europe, the Middle East, and North America. (Source: Web Search)

  Recent times

Antisemitism

Antisemitism or Jew-hatred is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who harbours it is called an anti-Semite. Whether antisemitism is considered a form of racism depends on the school of thought. Antisemitic tendencies may be motivated primarily by negative sentiment towards Jews as a people or negative sentiment towards Jews with regard to Judaism. In the former case, usually known as racial antisemitism, a person's hostility is driven by the belief that Jews constitute a distinct race with inherent traits or characteristics that are repulsive or inferior to the preferred traits or characteristics within that person's society. In the latter case, known as religious antisemitism, a person's hostility is driven by their religion's perception of Jews and Judaism, typically encompassing doctrines of supersession that expect or demand Jews to turn away from Judaism and submit to the religion presenting itself as Judaism's successor faith—this is a common theme within the other Abrahamic religions. The development of racial and religious antisemitism has historically been encouraged by anti-Judaism, which is distinct from antisemitism itself. There are various ways in which antisemitism is manifested, ranging in the level of severity of Jewish persecution. On the more subtle end, it consists of expressions of hatred or discrimination against individual Jews and may or may not be accompanied by violence. On the most extreme end, it consists of pogroms or genocide, which may or may not be state-sponsored. Although the term "antisemitism" did not come into common usage until the 19th century, it is also applied to previous and later anti-Jewish incidents. Historically, most of the world's violent antisemitic events have taken place in Europe, where modern antisemitism began to emerge from antisemitism in Christian communities during the Middle Ages. Since the early 20th century, there has been a sharp rise in antisemitic incidents across the Arab world, largely due to the advent of Arab antisemitic conspiracy theories, which were influenced by European antisemitic conspiracy theories. In recent times, the idea that there is a variation of antisemitism known as "new antisemitism" has emerged on several occasions. According to this view, since Israel is a Jewish state, expressions of anti-Zionist positions could harbour antisemitic sentiments, and criticism of Israel can serve as a vehicle for attacks against Jews in general. The compound word antisemitismus was first used in print in Germany in 1879 as a "scientific-sounding term" for Judenhass (lit. 'Jew-hatred'), and it has since been used to refer to anti-Jewish sentiment alone.

Web Search Results

• Why the Jews: History of Antisemitism

  # Why the Jews: History of Antisemitism It raises questions about why Jews have been targeted throughout history and how antisemitism offered fertile ground to the Nazis. Excluded from Christian society, Jews maintained their religious and social customs. Jews were said to be dangerous and threatening because of their “Jewish blood.” Antisemitic racism united pseudoscientific theories with centuries old anti-Jewish stereotypes. Even Jews. How have Jews been affected by antisemitism? What role does historical antisemitism play in the Nazi persecution of European Jews? The term antisemitism was coined only in the nineteenth century, but anti-Jewish hatred and Judeophobia (fear of Jews) date back to ancient times and have a variety of causes.

• What Is Antisemitism? What Are Its Impacts?

  Cover image of the "Antisemitism and Its Impacts" explainer from Facing History & Ourselves. ## What Is Antisemitism? Racialized antisemitism refers to the idea that Jews are a distinct “race” of people who have fixed traits that they are born with, traits which make them inferior to white, Christian people. Some common antisemitic conspiracies include the false belief that “the Jews” control the government, banks, and media, and the false belief that Jews are responsible for spreading disease, such as COVID-19.3 Antisemitic dog whistles include referring to “the Hollywood elite” with the intent to promote the conspiracy theory that Jews control the entertainment industry or claiming there is a Jewish “cabal” (secret political group) that controls global outcomes and referring to them as “Zionists.”

• Anti-Semitism - Definition, Meaning & Reasons For

  Anti-Semitism, sometimes called history’s oldest hatred, is hostility or prejudice against Jewish people. The Nazi Holocaust is history’s most extreme example of anti-Semitism. Anti-Jewish riots called pogroms swept the Russian Empire during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and anti-Semitic incidents have increased in parts of Europe, the Middle East and North America in the last several years. Hostility against Jews may date back nearly as far as Jewish history. Throughout the 1800s and early 1900s, Jews throughout the Russian Empire and other European countries faced violent, anti-Jewish riots called pogroms. Between 1939 and 1945, the Nazis would use mass killing centers called concentration camps to carry out the systematic murder of roughly 6 million European Jews in what would become known as the Holocaust.

• Defining Antisemitism - United States Department of State

  * Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs * Office of the Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Antisemitism * Bureau of Consular Affairs * Bureau of African Affairs * Bureau of International Organization Affairs On May 26, 2016, the 31 member states of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA), of which the United States is a member, adopted a non-legally binding “working definition” of antisemitism at its plenary in Bucharest. In the spirit of the Stockholm Declaration that states: “With humanity still scarred by …antisemitism and xenophobia the international community shares a solemn responsibility to fight those evils” the committee on Antisemitism and Holocaust Denial called the IHRA Plenary in Budapest 2015 to adopt the following working definition of antisemitism.

• Modern Day Issues in Antisemitism

  ## RAC Utility Nav ## RAC Main Nav ## RAC Utility Nav Violent attacks on Jewish institutions and Jews are also increasing. Some American adults continue to agree with common tropes about Jews, including “Jewish power” in business and “dual loyalty” – the notion that Jews are more loyal to Israel than their own country. More on Israel. With the increases in incidents of reported antisemitism around the world, there’s also been a growth in different expressions of antisemitism that demonize Israel and Israelis and attribute Israel's perceived faults to its Jewish character. For more up to date information and statistics about antisemitism around the world, visit the Anti-Defamation League's website. ### Five Definitions of Antisemitism ### Combatting Antisemitism Together ## About The RAC

• Instance Of

  Q1969448

• Inception Date

  1/1/1860

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism. Antisemitism may be manifested in many ways, ranging from expressions of hatred of or discrimination against individual Jews to organized pogroms by mobs or police forces, or even military attacks on entire Jewish communities. Although the term did not come into common usage until the 19th century, it is also applied to previous and later anti-Jewish incidents. Notable instances of persecution include the Rhineland massacres preceding the First Crusade in 1096, the Edict of Expulsion from England in 1290, the 1348–1351 persecution of Jews during the Black Death, the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391, the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition, the expulsion from Spain in 1492, the Cossack massacres in Ukraine from 1648 to 1657, various anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire between 1821 and 1906, the 1894–1906 Dreyfus affair in France, the Holocaust in German-occupied Europe during World War II and Soviet anti-Jewish policies. Though historically most manifestations of antisemitism have taken place in Christian Europe since the early 20th century antisemitism has increased in the Middle East. The root word Semite gives the false impression that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic people, e.g., including Arabs, Assyrians, and Arameans. The compound word Antisemitismus ('antisemitism') was first used in print in Germany in 1879 as a scientific-sounding term for Judenhass ('Jew-hatred'), and this has been its common use since then.