Image of Herbert Hoover

Herbert Hoover

Person

The 31st U.S. President, in office during the 1929 crash. His administration's response, including raising taxes and enacting the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, is often cited as worsening the subsequent depression.


First Mentioned

10/17/2025, 4:48:34 AM

Last Updated

10/17/2025, 4:52:09 AM

Research Retrieved

10/17/2025, 4:52:08 AM

Summary

Herbert Hoover, the 31st President of the United States, served from 1929 to 1933, a period dominated by the onset of the Great Depression. Before his presidency, Hoover, a wealthy mining engineer and an early graduate of Stanford University, gained national recognition for his humanitarian efforts, leading the Commission for Relief in Belgium during World War I and serving as the director of the U.S. Food Administration. He also served as the U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 1921 to 1928, where he was an influential figure in the development of air travel and radio, and led the federal response to the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. Elected president in 1928, Hoover's administration was quickly overshadowed by the 1929 stock market crash. His policies to combat the ensuing Great Depression were widely criticized as ineffective, and he lost his bid for reelection decisively to Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. Despite a generally critical historical assessment of his presidency, Hoover's later years saw an improvement in public opinion due to his service in various assignments for Presidents Truman and Eisenhower, and he is recognized for his humanitarian contributions.

Referenced in 1 Document
Research Data
Extracted Attributes
  • Name

    Herbert Clark Hoover

  • Award

    NAS Public Welfare Medal

  • Religion

    Quaker

  • Education

    Stanford University

  • Occupation

    Writer

  • Citizenship

    United States

  • Date of Birth

    1874-08-10

  • Date of Death

    1964-10-20

  • Place of Birth

    West Branch, Iowa, United States

  • Place of Death

    New York City, New York, United States

  • Graduation Year

    1895

  • Political Party

    Republican Party

  • Presidential Term

    1929-1933

  • Presidential Number

    31st

Timeline
  • Born in West Branch, Iowa, United States. (Source: Wikidata, Wikipedia, DBPedia, Web Search)

    1874-08-10

  • His father, Jesse Hoover, died. (Source: Britannica)

    1880

  • His mother, Hulda Minthorn Hoover, died, leaving him orphaned at age nine. (Source: Britannica, Web Search)

    1884

  • Left Iowa for Oregon to live with his maternal uncle, Henry Minthorn. (Source: Web Search)

    1885-11

  • Entered Stanford University as part of its inaugural 'Pioneer Class'. (Source: Wikipedia, Web Search)

    1891

  • Graduated from Stanford University. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia, Web Search)

    1895

  • Organized and headed the Commission for Relief in Belgium at the outbreak of World War I. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia, Web Search)

    1914

  • Appointed by President Woodrow Wilson to lead the U.S. Food Administration when the U.S. entered World War I. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

    1917

  • Unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination in the U.S. presidential election. (Source: Wikipedia, DBPedia)

    1920

  • Began serving as the U.S. Secretary of Commerce under President Warren G. Harding. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

    1921

  • Led the federal response to the Great Mississippi Flood. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

    1927

  • Won the Republican nomination for president and defeated Democratic candidate Al Smith in a landslide. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

    1928

  • Assumed the presidency as the 31st President of the United States. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

    1929-03-04

  • The stock market crashed during his first year in office, signaling the onset of the Great Depression. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia, Related Documents)

    1929

  • Decisively defeated by Democratic nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt in the presidential election. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

    1932

  • Presidential term ended. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

    1933-03-04

  • Public opinion of Hoover improved due to his service in various assignments for Presidents Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower, including chairing the influential Hoover Commission. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, DBPedia)

    1940s-1950s

  • Died in New York City, New York, United States. (Source: Wikidata, Wikipedia, DBPedia, Web Search)

    1964-10-20

Herbert Hoover

Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st president of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933. A wealthy mining engineer before his presidency, Hoover led the wartime Commission for Relief in Belgium and was the director of the U.S. Food Administration, followed by post-war relief of Europe. As a member of the Republican Party, he served as the third United States secretary of commerce from 1921 to 1928 before being elected president in 1928. His presidency was dominated by the Great Depression, and his policies and methods to combat it were seen as lackluster. Amid his unpopularity, he decisively lost reelection to Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. Born to a Quaker family in West Branch, Iowa, Hoover grew up in Oregon. He was one of the first graduates of the new Stanford University in 1895. Hoover took a position with a London-based mining company working in Australia and China. He rapidly became a wealthy mining engineer. In 1914, the outbreak of World War I, he organized and headed the Commission for Relief in Belgium, an international relief organization that provided food to occupied Belgium. When the U.S. entered the war in 1917, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Hoover to lead the Food Administration. He became famous as his country's "food dictator". After the war, Hoover led the American Relief Administration, which provided food to the starving millions in Central and Eastern Europe, especially Russia. His wartime service made him a favorite of many progressives, and he unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination in the 1920 U.S. presidential election. Hoover served as Secretary of Commerce under presidents Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge. Hoover was an unusually active and visible Cabinet member, becoming known as "Secretary of Commerce and Under-Secretary of all other departments." He was influential in the development of air travel and radio. Hoover led the federal response to the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. He won the Republican nomination in the 1928 presidential election and defeated Democratic candidate Al Smith in a landslide. In 1929, Hoover assumed the presidency. However, during his first year in office, the stock market crashed, signaling the onset of the Great Depression. Hoover supported the Mexican Repatriation and his response to the Great Depression was widely seen as lackluster. In the midst of the Great Depression, he was decisively defeated by Democratic nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. Hoover's retirement was over 31 years long, one of the longest presidential retirements. He authored numerous works and became increasingly conservative in retirement. He strongly criticized Roosevelt's foreign policy and the New Deal. In the 1940s and 1950s, public opinion of Hoover improved, largely due to his service in various assignments for presidents Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower, including chairing the influential Hoover Commission. Critical assessments of his presidency by historians and political scientists generally rank him as a significantly below-average president, although Hoover has received praise for his actions as a humanitarian and public official.

Web Search Results
  • President Herbert Hoover

    Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874–October 20, 1964), mining engineer, humanitarian, U.S. Secretary of Commerce, and 31st President of the United States, was the son of Jesse Hoover, a blacksmith, and Hulda Minthorn Hoover, a seamstress and recorded minister in the Society of Friends (Quakers). Hoover was born in West Branch, Iowa, where he enjoyed fishing in the local creek and working in his father’s blacksmith shop.Hoover lived in Iowa only for the first decade of his life. Orphaned at [...] nine years old, he began an odyssey that would make him a multi-millionaire, international humanitarian, secretary of commerce, and President of the United States.He left Iowa at age 11 in November 1885, bound for Oregon and the home of his maternal uncle, Henry Minthorn, who was a doctor and a school superintendent, and later, a real estate broker. Hoover lived with the Minthorns for six years; at 14, he left school to work as a clerk in his uncle's real estate business. Three years later, [...] Hoover graduated from Stanford in 1895, and then made his fortune as an international mining engineer and financier over the next two decades. In 1914, Hoover was living in London when World War I broke out in Europe. Yearning for an opportunity for public service, he immediately organized assistance for American travelers who were fleeing the war. A few weeks later he established the Commission for Relief in Belgium to provide food for Belgian civilians trapped in the war zone.In 1917 the

  • Herbert Hoover | Biography, Presidency, & Facts - Britannica

    Herbert Hoover (born August 10, 1874, West Branch, Iowa, U.S.—died October 20, 1964, New York, New York) was the 31st president of the United States (1929–33). Hoover’s reputation as a humanitarian—earned during and after World War I as he rescued millions of Europeans from starvation—faded from public consciousness when his administration proved unable to alleviate widespread joblessness, homelessness, and hunger in his own country during the early years of the Great Depression. [...] Herbert Hoover was the 31st president of the United States. He served from 1929 to 1933. Hoover had a reputation as a humanitarian—earned during and after World War I when he rescued millions of Europeans from starvation. But his popularity faded when, as president, his administration could not alleviate widespread joblessness, homelessness, and hunger during the early years of the Great Depression. ### When did Herbert Hoover serve as president? [...] Hoover was the son of Jesse and Hulda Hoover. His father was a hardworking blacksmith and farm-implement dealer and his mother an extremely pious woman who eventually adopted Quakerism. Amid the streams, woodlands, and rolling hills around West Branch, Iowa, the young Hoover enjoyed an almost idyllic childhood—until age six, when his father died from heart disease and, four years later, his mother died of pneumonia orphaning Herbert, his older brother, Theodore, and younger sister, Mary.

  • Herbert Hoover - Biography, Facts & Presidency | HISTORY

    Herbert Hoover (1874-1964), America’s 31st president, took office in 1929, the year the U.S. economy plummeted into the Great Depression. Although his predecessors’ policies undoubtedly contributed to the crisis, which lasted over a decade, Hoover bore much of the blame in the minds of the American people. [...] Herbert Clark Hoover was born on August 10, 1874, in West Branch, Iowa–the first U.S. president to be born west of the Mississippi River. He was the second of three children in a family of Quakers, who valued honesty, industriousness and simplicity. His father, Jesse Clark Hoover (1846-80), worked as a blacksmith, and his mother, Hulda Minthorn Hoover (1848-84), was a teacher. Orphaned at age nine, Hoover was raised primarily by an uncle in Oregon. [...] Herbert Hoover, America’s 31st president, took office in 1929, the same year the U.S. economy plummeted into the Great Depression.

  • Hoover: An Extraordinary Life in Extraordinary Times - Amazon.com

    An impoverished orphan who built a fortune. A great humanitarian. A president elected in a landslide and then resoundingly defeated four years later. Arguably the father of both New Deal liberalism and modern conservatism, Herbert Hoover lived one of the most extraordinary American lives of the twentieth century. Yet however astonishing, his accomplishments are often eclipsed by the perception that Hoover was inept and heartless in the face of the Great Depression. [...] A contemporary once described Herbert Hoover as the sort of man “to whom the incredible was forever happening.” Following a tragic childhood in which he was orphaned at the age of nine, he graduated (barely) with the inaugural class at Stanford University, made a name for himself in the rich goldfields of the Australian outback, and, still in his twenties, pulled off the biggest mining transaction in the his­tory of China. The deal closed months after he had been given up for dead in the Boxer [...] Kenneth Whyte is the author of Hoover: An Extraordinary Life in Extraordinary Times, the definitive biography of America's 31st president (Knopf, 2017). He is also the author of The Uncrowned King: The Sensational Rise of William Randolph Hearst, which was a Washington Post and Toronto Globe & Mail book of the year and a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Award for Biography and three other awards.

  • Herbert Hoover - Wikipedia

    Herbert Clark Hoover was born on August 10, 1874, in West Branch, Iowa. His father, Jesse Hoover, was a blacksmith and farm implement store owner of German, Swiss, and English ancestry. Hoover's mother, Hulda Randall Minthorn, was raised in Norwich, Ontario, Canada, before moving to Iowa in 1859. Like most other citizens of West Branch, Jesse and Hulda were Quakers. Around age two "Bertie", as he was called during that time, contracted a serious bout of croup, and was momentarily thought to [...] (through Allan) is conservative political commentator, strategist, media personality and author Margaret Hoover. [...] Hoover was a member of the inaugural "Pioneer Class" of Stanford University, entering in 1891 despite failing all the entrance exams except mathematics. During his freshman year, he switched his major from mechanical engineering to geology after working for John Casper Branner, the chairman of Stanford's geology department. During his sophomore year, Sam Collins proposed founding, Romero Hall Boarding Club, the first student cooperative boarding house at Romero Hall, for "sociability and

Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 and a member of the Republican Party, holding office during the onset of the Great Depression in the United States. A self-made man who became rich as a mining engineer, Hoover led the Commission for Relief in Belgium, served as the director of the U.S. Food Administration, and served as the U.S. Secretary of Commerce. Hoover was born to a Quaker family in West Branch, Iowa, but he grew up in Oregon. He was one of the first graduates of the new Stanford University in 1895. He took a position with a London-based mining company working in Australia and China. He rapidly became a wealthy mining engineer. In 1914 at the outbreak of World War I, he organized and headed the Commission for Relief in Belgium, an international relief organization that provided food to occupied Belgium. When the U.S. entered the war in 1917, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Hoover to lead the Food Administration. He became famous as his country's "food czar". After the war, Hoover led the American Relief Administration, which provided food to the starving millions in Central and Eastern Europe, especially Russia. Hoover's wartime service made him a favorite of many progressives, and he unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination in the 1920 presidential election. Republican President Warren G. Harding appointed Hoover as Secretary of Commerce in 1920, and he continued to serve under President Calvin Coolidge after Harding died in 1923. Hoover was an unusually active and visible Cabinet member, becoming known as "Secretary of Commerce and Under-Secretary of all other departments". He was influential in the development of air travel and radio. He led the federal response to the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. Hoover won the Republican nomination in the 1928 presidential election, and defeated Democratic candidate Al Smith in a landslide. In 1929 Hoover assumed the presidency during a period of widespread economic stability. However, during his first year in office, the stock market crashed, signaling the onset of the Great Depression. The Great Depression dominated Hoover's presidency and he responded by pursuing a series of economic policies in an attempt to lift the economy. Hoover staunchly opposed any intervention from the federal government in the U.S. economy. Hoover scapegoated Mexicans for the Depression, instituting policies and sponsoring programs of repatriation and deportation to Mexico. In the midst of the economic crisis, Hoover was decisively defeated by Democratic nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. Hoover's retirement was over 31 years long, one of the longest presidential retirements. He authored numerous works and became increasingly conservative in retirement. He strongly criticized Roosevelt's foreign policy and New Deal domestic agenda. In the 1940s and 1950s, public opinion of Hoover improved largely due to his service in various assignments for presidents Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower, including chairing the influential Hoover Commission. Critical assessments of his presidency by historians and political scientists generally rank him as a significantly below-average president, although Hoover has received praise for his actions as a humanitarian and public official.

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Location Data

Herbert Hoover, Villa Lago Poniente, Lo Prado, Provincia de Santiago, Región Metropolitana de Santiago, 8980000, Chile

residential

Coordinates: -33.4516666, -70.7326279

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