Regulatory Parity

Extracted Attributes

• Category

  Policy/Regulatory Principle

• Challenges

  Difficult to define and apply due to complexities in assessing revenue resources, channel control, and service delivery methods.

• Definition

  A policy goal and regulatory principle aiming for equal treatment or standards among similarly-situated entities or services.

• Goal in Trade

  Harmonization or equalization of regulatory frameworks to facilitate trade.

• Application Area

  Healthcare (e.g., Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 for behavioral health).

• Primary Context (from document)

  De-escalation of trade war between the United States and China.

Timeline

• Publication of the article 'Regulatory Arbitrage Using Put-Call Parity' by Michael Knoll, discussing the use of put-call parity for regulatory arbitrage. (Source: web_search_results)

  2005-01-01

• Passage of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (Federal Parity Law), mandating comparable coverage for behavioral health and medical care in the United States. (Source: web_search_results)

  2008-01-01

• H.R. 4546, National Securities Exchange Regulatory Parity Act, was ordered reported by the House Committee on Financial Services, aiming to exempt certain national exchange-listed securities from state regulations. (Source: web_search_results)

  2017-12-13

• During Donald Trump's administration, Regulatory Parity was a policy objective discussed as part of efforts to de-escalate the trade war with China, alongside reduced tariffs. (Source: d21f5f84-dde9-4973-a073-9504b1796edb)

  Unknown

Purchasing power parity

Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a measure of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries' currencies. PPP is effectively the ratio of the price of a market basket at one location divided by the price of the basket of goods at a different location. The PPP inflation and exchange rate may differ from the market exchange rate because of tariffs, and other transaction costs. The purchasing power parity indicator can be used to compare economies regarding their gross domestic product (GDP), labour productivity and actual individual consumption, and in some cases to analyse price convergence and to compare the cost of living between places. The calculation of the PPP, according to the OECD, is made through a basket of goods that contains a "final product list [that] covers around 3,000 consumer goods and services, 30 occupations in government, 200 types of equipment goods and about 15 construction projects".

Web Search Results

• Parity Rules: Mapping Regulatory Treatment of Similar Services

  The notion of regulatory parity has greatly impacted the evolution of American communications regulation, but the difficulties associated with applying this standard are frequently under-appreciated by industry participants. Throughout this Article, the Author acknowledges the difficulties in applying equal treatment standards to operators of various communications, video, and data services. Mr. Ismail asserts that several problems arise with attempts to ameliorate apparent disparities in how [...] entities are regarded under current regulations, including difficulties in assessing revenue resources, channel control, and service delivery methods. The Article concludes that parity is difficult to define and apply in an effort to eliminate inefficiencies associated with disparate treatment of similarly-situated players. Therefore, a more workable approach to achieving equal treatment of industry participants would include concentrating on rights by resolving the issues according to [...] #### Recommended Citation Ismail, Sherille (2004) "Parity Rules: Mapping Regulatory Treatment of Similar Services," Federal Communications Law Journal: Vol. 56: Iss. 3, Article 2. Available at: DOWNLOADS Since March 29, 2013 #### Included in Administrative Law Commons, Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons, Communications Law Commons #### Share Follow Advanced Search ISSN: 0163-7676 Home | About | FAQ | My Account | Accessibility Statement Privacy Copyright

• [PDF] REGULATORY FRAMEWORK TO CONSOLIDATE PARITY ...

  Under the aforementioned premises, PARLATINO sanctions this Regulatory Framework on Parity Democracy, structured in five titles. Preliminary Title: Parity Democracy as a State goal. Title II: Parity Democracy, inclusive and responsible State. Title III. Parity Democracy. Parity Representation. Title IV. Parity Democracy. Political Parties, political movements and independent candidatures. Title V. Final Provisions. The Preliminary Title and the Final Provisions feature the objective, aims and [...] FOREWORD 6 The meeting concluded with Recommendations for each area and a Political Declaration with a strong commitment to move forward in the elaboration of a Regulatory Framework on Parity Democracy, which includes several agreements for action: 1. Exhort member States to adopt legislative and any other measures necessary to achieve effective parity representation between men and women in public office in State authorities and institutions, at all levels, as well as affirmative action [...] a. The PARLATINO, and through it the parliaments of Member States, shall promote a process of progressive implementation of the dispositions in the present Regulatory Framework on Parity Democracy, in full respect to the sovereignty of the States.

• H.R. 4546, National Securities Exchange Regulatory Parity Act

  Congressional Budget Office logo Search ## Main menu # H.R. 4546, National Securities Exchange Regulatory Parity Act As ordered reported by the House Committee on Financial Services on December 13, 2017 ## Summary [...] Under current law, certain securities listed on national exchanges are exempt from state securities regulations. H.R. 4546 would allow any security listed on a national exchange that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to be exempted from such state regulations. [...] negligible, assuming appropriation actions consistent with that authority.

• Federal Government | ParityTrack

  # Federal Government #### Parity Report Parity is about fairness. Americans with behavioral health conditions often have more difficulty getting the treatment and services they need when compared to individuals seeking other medical care. Explore parity-related information at the Federal level regarding legislation, statutes, and regulatory actions since the Federal Parity Law was passed in 2008. ## Federal Parity Law [...] There are two federal laws that have significant implications for parity: the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (known as the Federal Parity Law ) and the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The Federal Parity Law built upon an older, less extensive federal law, and the ACA has expanded the scope of the Federal Parity Law. There is also pending legislation in Congress that could amend the Federal Parity Law. Learn more about Federal Statutes ## Regulations Overview [...] Learn more about Federal Regulations ### National Parity Map View the state parity reports to learn about legislation, regulation, and litigation related to parity implementation ### Get Support ### Common Violations In seeking care or services, be aware of the common ways parity rights can be violated. Website enhancements in progress made possible by

• "Regulatory Arbitrage Using Put-Call Parity" by Michael Knoll

  that any financial position containing any of those four instruments can be constructed in at least two different ways. Its legal significance arises when economically equivalent holdings receive different legal treatments because they are constructed from different instruments. This article provides several examples of how put-call parity has been used to engage in regulatory arbitrage and discusses the significance of such arbitrage for regulatory policy. [...] The conflict between appearance and reality often arises in the law, where it is usually cast as pitting the substance of a transaction against its form. That conflict also arises in finance in the form of the put-call parity theorem, which states that given any three of the following four financial instruments: 1) a riskless zero coupon bond, 2) a share of stock, 3) a call option on the stock, and 4) a put option on the stock - the fourth instrument can be replicated. Thus, the theorem implies [...] DC Network Penn Carey Law: Legal Scholarship Repository University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School Home > Faculty Works > FACULTY\_ARTICLES > 203 ## Articles # Regulatory Arbitrage Using Put-Call Parity ## Authors Michael Knoll, University of Pennsylvania Carey Law SchoolFollow ## Document Type Article ## Publication Date 1-1-2005 ## Abstract