Juan Peron's Argentina

Extracted Attributes

• Key Opposition

  Military, Bourgeoisie

• Key Supporters

  Working class ('shirtless ones' / descamisados)

• Social Policies

  Expanded health and welfare benefits, Alliance with organized labor unions, Women's suffrage

• Governance Style

  Populist, Authoritarian, Military support (initially)

• Political Stance

  'Third Position' (between communism and capitalism), Anti-United States, Anti-British

• Economic Policies

  Industrialization, State intervention, Economic nationalism, Nationalization of utilities (e.g., British-owned railroads), Central economic planning, 'New Deal' Plan, Two Five-Year Plans

• Metaphorical Usage

  Used by Larry Summers to describe chaotic and damaging economic policies

• Political Ideology

  Peronism (Justicialism)

• Core Principles of Peronism

  Economic independence, Political sovereignty, Social justice

Timeline

• Juan Perón was born in Lobos, Buenos Aires provincia, Argentina. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1895-10-08

• Mar\u00eda Eva Duarte (Eva Perón) was born in Los Toldos, Argentina. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1919-05-07

• Juan Perón traveled to Italy to observe the development of the Fascist state. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1938-1940

• Juan Perón returned to Argentina and joined the Grupo de Oficiales Unidos (GOU), a secret military lodge. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1941

• Juan Perón participated in a GOU coup that overthrew the civilian government, taking the post of secretary of labor and social welfare in the new regime. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1943

• Juan Perón met Eva Duarte during a charity event at Luna Park Stadium for San Juan earthquake victims. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1944-01-22

• Juan Perón married Eva Duarte. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1945

• Juan Perón was elected President of Argentina, beginning his first term. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1946-06

• The first of Perón's two sweeping five-year economic plans was passed, focusing on enlarged state ownership, central economic planning, and industrialization. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1946

• Eva Perón served as First Lady, becoming powerful within pro-Peronist trade unions, speaking on behalf of labor rights, running the Ministries of Labor and Health, founding the Eva Perón Foundation, championing women's suffrage, and founding the Female Peronist Party. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1946-1952

• Eva Perón announced her candidacy for Vice President of Argentina, receiving strong support from the Peronist political base, but later withdrew due to opposition from the military and bourgeoisie, coupled with declining health. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1951

• The second of Perón's two sweeping five-year economic plans was passed. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1952

• Eva Perón was given the title of 'Spiritual Leader of the Nation of Argentina' by the Argentine Congress. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1952

• Eva Perón died from cancer at the age of 33. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1952-07-26

• Juan Perón was driven from office and into exile by a confederation of military leaders. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1955-09

• Juan Perón returned to Argentina after the Peronist movement reclaimed the presidency. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1973-03

• Juan Perón won a special presidential election and installed his new wife as vice president, beginning his third term. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1973-10

• Juan Perón died in Buenos Aires, Argentina. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1974-07-01

Eva Perón

María Eva Duarte de Perón (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈɾi.a ˈeβa ˈðwarte ðe peˈɾon]; née María Eva Duarte; 7 May 1919 – 26 July 1952), better known as Eva Perón or by the nickname Evita (Spanish: [eˈβita]), was an Argentine politician, activist, actress, and philanthropist who served as First Lady of Argentina from June 1946 until her death in July 1952, as the wife of Argentine President Juan Perón. She was born in poverty in the rural village of Los Toldos, in the Pampas, as the youngest of five children. In 1934, at the age of 15, she moved to the nation's capital of Buenos Aires to pursue a career as a stage, radio, and film actress. She married Perón in 1945, when he was still an army colonel, and was propelled onto the political stage when he became President in 1946. She became a central figure of Peronism and Argentine culture because of the Eva Perón Foundation, a charitable organization perceived by many Argentinians as highly impactful. She met Colonel Juan Perón on 22 January 1944 during a charity event at the Luna Park Stadium to benefit the victims of an earthquake in San Juan, Argentina. The two were married the following year. Juan Perón was elected President of Argentina in June 1946; during the next six years, Eva Perón became powerful within the pro-Peronist trade unions, primarily for speaking on behalf of labor rights. She also ran the Ministries of Labor and Health, founded and ran the charitable Eva Perón Foundation, championed women's suffrage in Argentina, and founded and ran the nation's first large-scale female political party, the Female Peronist Party. In 1951, Eva Perón announced her candidacy for the Peronist nomination for the office of Vice President of Argentina, receiving great support from the Peronist political base, low-income and working-class Argentines who were referred to as descamisados or "shirtless ones" (similar to the term “sans-culottes” during the French Revolution). Opposition from the nation's military and bourgeoisie, coupled with her declining health, ultimately forced her to withdraw her candidacy. In 1952, shortly before her death from cancer at 33, Eva Perón was given the title of "Spiritual Leader of the Nation of Argentina" by the Argentine Congress. She was given a state funeral upon her death, a prerogative generally reserved for heads of state. Eva Perón has become a part of international popular culture, most famously as the subject of the musical Evita (1976). Cristina Álvarez Rodríguez has said that Eva Perón has never left the collective consciousness of Argentines. Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, the second female president of Argentina (after Juan Perón's third wife Isabel Perón), claims that women of her generation owe a debt to Eva Perón for "her example of passion and combativeness".

Web Search Results

• Juan Peron | Rise to Power, Wife, & Death - Britannica

  Juan Perón (born October 8, 1895, Lobos, Buenos Aires provincia, Argentina—died July 1, 1974, Buenos Aires) was an army colonel who became president of Argentina (1946–52, 1952–55, 1973–74) and was the founder and leader of the Peronist movement. ## Early life and career [...] Perón set Argentina on a course of industrialization and state intervention in the economy, calculated to provide greater economic and social benefits for the working class. He also adopted a strong anti-United States and anti-British position, preaching the virtues of his so-called justicialismo (“social justice”) and “Third Position,” an authoritarian and populist system between communism and capitalism. [...] Perón returned to Argentina in 1941, used his acquired knowledge to achieve the rank of colonel, and joined the United Officers Group (Grupo de Oficiales Unidos; GOU), a secret military lodge that engineered the 1943 coup that overthrew the ineffective civilian government of Argentina. The military regimes of the following three years came increasingly under the influence of Perón, who had shrewdly requested for himself only the minor post of secretary of labour and social welfare. In 1944,

• [PDF] A Railroad Debacle and Failed Economic Policies: Peron's Argentina

  Keywords Argentina, Juan Perón, Argetine railway system This article is available in The Gettysburg Historical Journal: 93 A Railroad Debacle and Failed Economic Policies: Peron’s Argentina Gareth Pahowka After General Juan Domingo Perón was elected President of Argentina in 1946, he quickly moved to adopt a “New Deal” Plan for Argentina based upon economic nationalism and improved working conditions. The nationalization of the British-owned railroads was perhaps the centerpiece of his [...] Available at: A Railroad Debacle and Failed Economic Policies: Peron's Argentina Abstract After General Juan Domingo Perón was elected President of Argentina in 1946, he quickly moved to adopt a "New Deal" Plan for Argentina based upon economic nationalism and improved working conditions. The nationalization of the British-owned railroads was perhaps the centerpiece of his reformist policies. But fervent national pride and pageantry surrounding the purchase were quickly eroded by a painful [...] Perón’s “inward” approach was based upon guiding policies that promoted a “strong evocation of the indigenous Argentina.”3 His “New Deal” economic reforms were embodied in two sweeping five year plans, the first passed in 1946, and the second in 1952. Both rested on several core principles: enlarged state ownership through nationalization of utilities, central economic planning by the state, and industrialization. Appealing to his base supporters, Perón implemented new labor laws including a

• Argentina's Struggle for Stability | Council on Foreign Relations

  After gaining independence from Spain in 1816, Argentina cycled through democratic and military rule for more than a century. In 1943, army officer Juan Perón took power in a coup, and ruled Argentina on and off for the next three decades. His populist political philosophy, known as Peronism, has dominated the country’s politics ever since. Throughout his time in office, Perón pursued many left-leaning policies, nationalizing the central bank and several large corporations, expanding health and [...] welfare benefits, and establishing an alliance with organized labor unions. Historians attribute much of Perón’s success to the charisma of his second wife Eva, who advocated for greater labor rights and pushed Congress to pass Argentina’s women’s suffrage law. However, some experts say that Peronism’s authoritarianism, nationalism, and military support gave it fascist traits. Perón’s popularity did not prevent continued interventions by the military, which eventually forced him into exile in [...] _Justicialist Party_. Commonly known as Peronists, the Justicialist Party advocates for greater economic intervention and welfare-state policies, as well as economic independence from wealthier countries. Peronism’s long domination of Argentine politics continued under Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, spouses who consecutively served as presidents of Argentina between 2003 and 2015; Cristina Fernández de Kirchner later served as vice president under President Alberto

• Peronism - Wikipedia

  Peronism, also known as justicialism, is an Argentine ideology and movement based on the ideas, doctrine and legacy of Juan Perón (1895–1974). It has been an influential movement in 20th- and 21st-century Argentine politics. Since 1946, Peronists have won 10 out of the 14 presidential elections in which they have been allowed to run. Peronism is defined through its three flags: "economic independence" (an economy that does not depend on other countries, by developing its national industry), [...] Deriving from 1930s anti-imperialist nationalism, Peronist doctrine had three leading principles, as formulated by Perón: economic independence, political sovereignty, and social justice. Perón considered Argentina "an economic colony of Great Britain" and sought to liberate Argentina from both British and American influence; Perón's foreign policy was formulated as "third position" and was a forerunner of thirdworldism - Perón argued that instead of looking to either Western capitalism or [...] Perón became Argentina's labour secretary "Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security (Argentina)") after participating in the 1943 military coup and was elected president of Argentina in 1946. He introduced social programs that benefited the working class, supported labor unions and called for additional involvement of the state in the economy. In addition, he supported industrialists to facilitate harmony between labor and capital. Perón was very popular due to his leadership, and

• Juan Perón - Death, Wife & Facism - Biography

  In September 1955, Juan Perón was driven from office and into exile by a confederation of military leaders. He fled to Paraguay before settling in Madrid. He continued to exert enough political influence from abroad to help shape the Peronist movement that reclaimed the presidency in 1973. Perón returned to Argentina just after the March elections. In October, he won a special presidential election and installed his new wife as vice president. [...] Juan Domingo Perón was born on October 8, 1895, in Lobos, Argentina. His family was of modest means. At the age of 16, the tall and athletic Perón entered military school. He trained as an officer, excelling in sports including fencing, skiing and boxing. His initial assignments were diplomatic. Perón served as an attaché to Chile and traveled to Italy to observe the development of the Fascist state in 1938-1940. ## Rise to Power [...] Perón returned to Argentina in 1941, joining a secret group of military officers called the Grupo de Oficiales Unidos. In 1943, he participated in a GOU coup to overthrow the civilian government, taking on the post of secretary of labor and social welfare in the new regime.