Socialist movements

Extracted Attributes

• Origins

  Age of Enlightenment, French Revolution, Industrial Revolution

• Key Text

  The Communist Manifesto (written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels)

• Core Values

  Democracy, non-exploitation, freedom (formal and effective), community, equality

• Economic Models

  Centrally planned economies, nationalization, mixed economy, decentralized collective ownership (cooperatives, workers' councils)

• Notable Branches/Types

  Scientific socialism, democratic socialism, Soviet model, Christian socialism, anarchism, social democracy, utopian socialism, 21st-century socialism, New Left

• Key Policies (21st Century Latin America)

  Nationalization of major national assets, anti-imperialism, left-wing populism, rejection of Washington Consensus and neoliberal paradigm

Timeline

• Origins of socialist movements in the Age of Enlightenment and the French Revolution. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1789-XX-XX

• The term 'socialist' came into use to describe radical critics of industrial capitalism. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1830-XX-XX

• The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (completed 1848). (Source: Wikipedia)

  1847-XX-XX

• Revolutions of 1848 swept across Europe, following the writing of The Communist Manifesto. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1848-XX-XX

• The Australian Labor Party became the first elected socialist party, forming a government in the Colony of Queensland. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1899-XX-XX

• Russian Revolution, leading to the formation of the Soviet Union and the rise of communism as a dominant socialist movement. (Source: Web Search Results)

  1917-XX-XX

• Establishment of the People's Republic of China, introducing socialism with land redistribution and social experiments. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1949-XX-XX

• The New Left emerged, critical of the Soviet Union and social democracy, partly due to the prolonged Vietnam War. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1968-XX-XX

• Revolutions of 1989 across Eastern Europe marked the beginning of the end of communism in the Soviet Union. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1989-XX-XX

• Dissolution of the Soviet Union, culminating the end of communism. (Source: Wikipedia)

  1991-XX-XX

• The 'pink tide' began in Latin America at the turn of the 21st century, championing 21st-century socialism. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2000-XX-XX

• A dramatic rise in socialist movements is predicted, fueled by inequality from AI reasoning and government spending cuts. (Source: Related Document)

  2025-XX-XX

History of socialism

The history of socialism has its origins in the Age of Enlightenment and the 1789 French Revolution, along with the changes that brought, although it has precedents in earlier movements and ideas. The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1847-1848 just before the Revolutions of 1848 swept Europe, expressing what they termed scientific socialism. In the last third of the 19th century parties dedicated to democratic socialism arose in Europe, drawing mainly from Marxism. The Australian Labor Party was the first elected socialist party when it formed government in the Colony of Queensland for a week in 1899. In the first half of the 20th century, the Soviet Union and the communist parties of the Third International around the world, came to represent socialism in terms of the Soviet model of economic development and the creation of centrally planned economies directed by a state that owns all the means of production, although other trends condemned what they saw as the lack of democracy. The establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, saw socialism introduced. China experienced land redistribution and the Anti-Rightist Movement, followed by the disastrous Great Leap Forward. In the UK, Herbert Morrison said that "socialism is what the Labour government does" whereas Aneurin Bevan argued socialism requires that the "main streams of economic activity are brought under public direction", with an economic plan and workers' democracy. Some argued that capitalism had been abolished. Socialist governments established the mixed economy with partial nationalisations and social welfare. By 1968, the prolonged Vietnam War gave rise to the New Left, socialists who tended to be critical of the Soviet Union and social democracy. Anarcho-syndicalists and some elements of the New Left and others favoured decentralised collective ownership in the form of cooperatives or workers' councils. In 1989, the Soviet Union saw the end of communism, marked by the Revolutions of 1989 across Eastern Europe, culminating in the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Socialists have adopted the causes of other social movements such as environmentalism, feminism and progressivism. At the turn of the 21st century, Latin America saw a pink tide, which championed socialism of the 21st century; it included a policy of nationalisation of major national assets, anti-imperialism, left-wing populism, and a rejection of the Washington Consensus and the neoliberal paradigm. It was first led by Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez.

Web Search Results

• Socialism - Wikipedia

  The socialist political movement includes political philosophies that originated in the revolutionary movements of the mid-to-late 18th century and out of

• Socialism - Definition, Origins & Countries - History.com

  ## Socialism in the 20th Century In the 20th century—particularly after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the formation of the Soviet Union—social democracy and communism emerged as the two most dominant socialist movements throughout the world. [...] By the end of the 1920s, Lenin’s revolution-focused view of socialism had given way to the foundation of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and its consolidation of absolute power under Joseph Stalin. Soviet and other communists joined forces with other socialist movements in resisting fascism. After World War II, this alliance dissolved as the Soviet Union established communist regimes across Eastern Europe. [...] Marx’s emphasis on the revolutionary clash between capital and labor came to dominate most socialist thought, but other brands of socialism continued to develop. Christian socialism, or collective societies formed around Christian religious principles. Anarchism saw not just capitalism but government as harmful and unnecessary. Social democracy held that socialist aims could be achieved through gradual political reform rather than revolution. READ MORE: Communism Timeline

• Socialism | Definition, History, Types, Examples, & Facts - Britannica

  The origins of socialism as a political movement lie in the Industrial Revolution. Its intellectual roots, however, reach back almost as far as recorded thought—even as far as Moses, according to one history of the subject. Socialist or communist ideas certainly play an important part in the ideas of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, whose Republic depicts an austere society in which men and women of the “guardian” class share with each other not only their few material goods but also their [...] use of public property and resources should be made at the local, or lowest-possible, level by the people who will be most directly affected by those decisions. This conflict has persisted throughout the history of socialism as a political movement. [...] reducing many workers to pauperism, the radical critics of industrial capitalism added a faith in the power of people to put science and an understanding of history to work in the creation of a new and glorious society. The term socialist came into use about 1830 to describe these radicals, some of the most important of whom subsequently acquired the title of “utopian” socialists.

• Socialism | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

  The standard normative argument for socialism is comparative. Socialists typically single out certain moral and political values, argue that these values are poorly served under capitalism, and then support socialism by contending that these values would fare better—not necessarily perfectly, but better—under socialism. Values drawn upon by socialists vary, but usually include democracy, non-exploitation, freedom (both formal and effective), community, and equality. Sections 4–7 discuss these [...] economically empower local communities and individuals (for instance, the “participatory budgeting” process found in Porto Allegre, Brazil, through which citizens meet in popular assemblies to decide how the city’s resources should be spent). By knitting together nationalization of major industries with these and other programs and initiatives, socialists hope to bring to fruition the “truly audacious project of empowering people to take command of their everyday lives” (Harrington, 197). [...] Historically, socialists have struggled to answer this question, and for good reason: it is not at all obvious how meaningful control over something as massive and complex as a modern economy might be shared across tens or even hundreds of millions of people. Broadly speaking, socialists have identified two main strategies of socialization. The first seeks to socialize the economy by nationalizing it. The second seeks the same end by radically decentralizing and democratizing economic power.

• People Known for: history and society - socialism | Britannica

  Jawaharlal Nehru George Orwell Robert Owen Muammar al-Qaddafi Michael Harrington Ferdinand Lassalle Jean Jaurès Rosa Luxemburg Ahmed Ben Bella Bernstein, Eduard Karl Liebknecht Wilhelm Liebknecht Léon Blum. Ne Win, U Eugene V. Debs Hardie, drawing by Cosmo Rowe; in the National Portrait Gallery, London José Figueres Ferrer Florence Kelley. Thomas, Norman Karl Kautsky Émile Vandervelde Hillquit, Morris Adler, Victor Nikolay Chaykovsky Camille Huysmans, oil painting by Isidore Opsomer, 1948 [...] Encyclopedia Britannica Encyclopedia Britannica # PEOPLE KNOWN FOR: socialism [...] Berger, Victor Marcus Møller Thrane Ignacy Daszyński, De Leon, Daniel Lansbury, oil painting by Sylvia Gosse; in the National Portrait Gallery, London Mehring, Franz Considérant, detail of an engraving by A. Lacauchie and J. Rebel, middle of the 19th century Braun, Lily