New Deal

Extracted Attributes

• Coined by

  Stuart Chase (advisor to Roosevelt), added by speechwriter Rosenman

• President

  Franklin D. Roosevelt

• Timeframe

  1933-1939

• Primary Goals

  Relief for the unemployed and poor, Recovery of the economy, Reform of the financial system (the '3 R's')

• Political Impact

  Political realignment, creation of the New Deal coalition

• Key Figure (Labor)

  Frances Perkins (Secretary of Labor)

• Opposing Philosophy

  Laissez-faire

• Coalition Components

  Labor unions, blue-collar workers, big city machines, racial minorities (African-Americans), white Southerners, intellectuals

• Economic Model Influence

  Keynesian economics

• Underlying Causes of Great Depression

  Lack of regulation, expansion of leverage, consumer credit, speculation

Timeline

• General Motors pioneers Consumer Credit, contributing to a massive expansion of leverage and a shift in American attitudes towards debt. (Source: related_documents)

  1919-XX-XX

• Stock Market Crash of 1929 occurs, triggering the Great Depression. (Source: related_documents)

  1929-10-29

• Franklin D. Roosevelt accepts the Democratic Party's presidential nomination and introduces the phrase 'a new deal for the American people'. (Source: wikipedia)

  1932-07-02

• Franklin D. Roosevelt takes office as President of the United States. (Source: wikipedia)

  1933-03-04

• The 'First New Deal' period begins, focusing on relief, recovery, and reform. (Source: wikipedia)

  1933-XX-XX

• Emergency Banking Act signed to restore confidence in the banking system. (Source: wikipedia)

  1933-XX-XX

• The 1933 Banking Act is passed, making the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) permanent. (Source: wikipedia)

  1933-XX-XX

• National Recovery Administration (NRA) created to establish 'codes of fair competition'. (Source: wikipedia)

  1933-XX-XX

• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) created to protect investors from abusive stock market practices. (Source: wikipedia)

  1933-XX-XX

• Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) created to raise rural incomes by controlling production. (Source: wikipedia)

  1933-XX-XX

• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) established, enlisting young men for manual labor on government land. (Source: wikipedia)

  1933-XX-XX

• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) created to promote electricity generation and economic development. (Source: wikipedia)

  1933-XX-XX

• The 'Second New Deal' period begins, focusing on job creation and improving conditions for the elderly, workers, and the poor. (Source: wikipedia)

  1935-XX-XX

• Works Progress Administration (WPA) created to supervise public works projects and invest in the arts. (Source: wikipedia)

  1935-XX-XX

• National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) passed, guaranteeing employees the right to organize trade unions. (Source: summary)

  1935-XX-XX

• Social Security Act introduced, providing pensions for senior citizens and benefits for the disabled, mothers with dependent children, and the unemployed. (Source: summary)

  1935-XX-XX

• Fair Labor Standards Act passed, prohibiting 'oppressive' child labor and enshrining a 40-hour work week and national minimum wage. (Source: wikipedia)

  1938-XX-XX

• Republican Party gains seats in Congress and, with conservative Democrats, begins to block further New Deal legislation. (Source: wikipedia)

  1938-XX-XX

• Some New Deal legislation is declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. (Source: wikipedia)

  1938-XX-XX

• Full employment in the U.S. is largely achieved with the start of World War II. (Source: wikipedia)

  1939-XX-XX

New Deal

The New Deal was a series of wide-reaching economic, social, and political reforms enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1938, in response to the Great Depression, which had started in 1929. Roosevelt introduced the phrase upon accepting the Democratic Party's presidential nomination in 1932 before winning the election in a landslide over incumbent Herbert Hoover, whose administration was viewed by many as doing too little to help those affected. Roosevelt believed that the depression was caused by inherent market instability and too little demand per the Keynesian model of economics and that massive government intervention was necessary to stabilize and rationalize the economy. During Roosevelt's first hundred days in office in 1933 until 1935, he introduced what historians refer to as the "First New Deal", which focused on the "3 R's": relief for the unemployed and for the poor, recovery of the economy back to normal levels, and reforms of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression. Roosevelt signed the Emergency Banking Act, which authorized the Federal Reserve to insure deposits to restore confidence, and the 1933 Banking Act made this permanent with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Other laws created the National Recovery Administration (NRA), which allowed industries to create "codes of fair competition"; the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which protected investors from abusive stock market practices; and the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), which raised rural incomes by controlling production. Public works were undertaken in order to find jobs for the unemployed (25 percent of the workforce when Roosevelt took office): the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) enlisted young men for manual labor on government land, and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) promoted electricity generation and other forms of economic development in the drainage basin of the Tennessee River. Although the First New Deal helped many find work and restored confidence in the financial system, by 1935 stock prices were still below pre-Depression levels and unemployment still exceeded 20 percent. From 1935 to 1938, the "Second New Deal" introduced further legislation and additional agencies which focused on job creation and on improving the conditions of the elderly, workers, and the poor. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) supervised the construction of bridges, libraries, parks, and other facilities, while also investing in the arts; the National Labor Relations Act guaranteed employees the right to organize trade unions; and the Social Security Act introduced pensions for senior citizens and benefits for the disabled, mothers with dependent children, and the unemployed. The Fair Labor Standards Act prohibited "oppressive" child labor, and enshrined a 40-hour work week and national minimum wage. In 1938, the Republican Party gained seats in Congress and joined with conservative Democrats to block further New Deal legislation, and some of it was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. The New Deal produced a political realignment, reorienting the Democratic Party's base to the New Deal coalition of labor unions, blue-collar workers, big city machines, racial minorities (most importantly African-Americans), white Southerners, and intellectuals. The realignment crystallized into a powerful liberal coalition which dominated presidential elections into the 1960s, as an opposing conservative coalition largely controlled Congress in domestic affairs from 1939 onwards. Historians still debate the effectiveness of the New Deal programs, although most accept that full employment was not achieved until World War II began in 1939.

Web Search Results

• New Deal - Wikipedia

  The New Deal was a series of wide-reaching economic, social, and political reforms enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1938, in response to the Great Depression, which had started in 1929. Roosevelt introduced the phrase upon accepting the Democratic Party "Democratic Party (United States)")'s presidential nomination in 1932 before winning the election in a landslide over incumbent Herbert Hoover, whose administration was viewed by many as doing too [...] In 1938, the Republican Party "Republican Party (United States)") gained seats in Congress and joined with conservative Democrats to block further New Deal legislation, and some of it was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. The New Deal produced a political realignment, reorienting the Democratic Party's base to the New Deal coalition of labor unions, blue-collar workers, big city machines, racial minorities (most importantly African-Americans), white Southerners, and intellectuals. [...] The phrase "New Deal" was coined by an adviser to Roosevelt, Stuart Chase, who used A New Deal as the title for an article published in the progressive magazine The New Republic a few days before Roosevelt's speech. Speechwriter Rosenman added it to his draft of FDR's presidential nomination acceptance speech at the last minute. Upon accepting the 1932 Democratic nomination for president, Roosevelt promised "a new deal for the American people". In campaign speeches, Roosevelt committed to

• New Deal - Programs, Social Security & FDR

  The New Deal was a series of programs and projects instituted during the Great Depression by President Franklin D. Roosevelt that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans. When Roosevelt took office in 1933, he acted swiftly to stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those who were suffering. Over the next eight years, the government instituted a series of experimental New Deal projects and programs, such as the CCC, the WPA, the TVA, the SEC and others. Roosevelt’s New Deal [...] fundamentally and permanently changed the U.S. federal government by expanding its size and scope—especially its role in the economy. [...] From 1933 until 1941, President Roosevelt’s New Deal programs and policies did more than just adjust interest rates, tinker with farm subsidies and create short-term make-work programs.

• The New Deal in New York City, 1933—1943

  The New Deal employed millions of workers to rebuild America and the economy and passed legislation to aid those workers and their families. The President’s leader in this field was Frances Perkins, whose commitment to social justice and economic security characterized her entire career, including the years she worked on labor matters in the 1920s for New York Governors Al Smith and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. When she came to Roosevelt House in February 1933 to meet with President-elect [...] The President’s promise of “direct, vigorous action” shaped the New Deal—a constellation of federal programs that put millions of people back to work, raised people’s hopes and spirits, and provided the country with much-needed new infrastructure. It delivered a wealth of public works: schools, court­houses, roads, hospitals and health clinics, dams, power lines, libraries, post offices, bridges, and highways. New Deal funds built thousands of recreational facilities for all Americans to [...] governments resulting in the employment of 20 million people.

• New Deal | Definition, History, Programs, Summary, & Facts

  New Deal, domestic program of the administration of U.S. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) between 1933 and 1939, which took action to bring about immediate economic relief as well as reforms in industry, agriculture, finance, waterpower, labour, and housing, vastly increasing the scope of the federal government’s activities. The term was taken from Roosevelt’s speech accepting the Democratic nomination for the presidency on July 2, 1932. Reacting to the ineffectiveness of the administration of [...] Before 1935 the New Deal focused on revitalizing the country’s stricken business and agricultural communities. To revive industrial activity, the National Recovery Administration (NRA) was granted authority to help shape industrial codes governing trade practices, wages, hours, child labour, and collective bargaining. The New Deal also tried to regulate the nation’s financial hierarchy in order to avoid a repetition of the stock market crash of 1929 and the massive bank failures that followed. [...] Pres. Herbert Hoover in meeting the ravages of the Great Depression, American voters the following November overwhelmingly voted in favour of the Democratic promise of a “new deal” for the “forgotten man.” Opposed to the traditional American political philosophy of laissez-faire, the New Deal generally embraced the concept of a government-regulated economy aimed at achieving a balance between conflicting economic interests.

• The New Deal (1933-1936) to World War II (1939-1945)

  # The New Deal (1933-1936) to World War II (1939-1945) In 1932, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who is also known as FDR, was elected President of the United States. He had a plan to help fix the problems with the U.S. economy. He called that plan the New Deal. As part of the New Deal: [...] The U.S. Government started programs that gave unemployed people jobs. As part of those projects, people built many public buildings and roads. Other New Deal programs helped raise the price of farmers’ crops and the animals they sold. During the New Deal, changes were made to make the U.S. banking system more stable so banks would not go out of business without giving people their money back. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was created. The FDIC:

• Instance Of

  Q4167410

The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939. Major federal programs agencies included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Works Progress Administration (WPA), the Civil Works Administration (CWA), the Farm Security Administration (FSA), the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) and the Social Security Administration (SSA). They provided support for farmers, the unemployed, youth, and the elderly. The New Deal included new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and efforts to re-inflate the economy after prices had fallen sharply. New Deal programs included both laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders during the first term of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. The programs focused on what historians refer to as the "3 R's": relief for the unemployed and for the poor, recovery of the economy back to normal levels, and reform of the financial system to prevent a repeat depression. The New Deal produced a political realignment, making the Democratic Party the majority (as well as the party that held the White House for seven out of the nine presidential terms from 1933 to 1969) with its base in progressive ideas, the South, big city machines and the newly empowered labor unions, and various ethnic groups. The Republicans were split, with progressive Republicans in support but conservatives opposing the entire New Deal as hostile to business and economic growth. The realignment crystallized into the New Deal coalition that dominated presidential elections into the 1960s while the opposing conservative coalition largely controlled Congress in domestic affairs from 1937 to 1964.