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Francis Fukuyama

Person

A political scientist whose concepts of 'The End of History' and 'Vetocracy' are referenced in the debate about neoliberalism, globalism, and the challenges of modern governance.


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7/21/2025, 1:59:11 AM

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7/22/2025, 5:27:25 AM

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7/21/2025, 2:09:30 AM

Summary

Francis Fukuyama is an American political scientist, political economist, and international relations scholar, born on October 27, 1952. He is widely recognized for his 1992 book, The End of History and the Last Man, in which he posited that the global proliferation of liberal democracies and free-market capitalism might represent the culmination of humanity's sociocultural and political development. Fukuyama later nuanced this view in his 1995 book, Trust: Social Virtues and Creation of Prosperity, acknowledging the interconnectedness of culture and economics. His work, particularly concepts like 'Vetocracy' and the broader problem of 'diminished state capacity', has been referenced in contemporary discussions about governance and the need for 'permitting reform', as highlighted in a debate on economic policy and tariffs. He has also been associated with the neoconservative movement, though he has since distanced himself from it. Fukuyama holds senior fellow positions at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and directs the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law at Stanford University, also serving as director of the Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy. Previously, he was a professor at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies and held a professorship at George Mason University's School of Public Policy. He is a council member of the International Forum for Democratic Studies and was part of the RAND Corporation's Political Science Department. Fukuyama is also recognized as one of the leading figures on the Information and Democracy Commission launched by Reporters Without Borders and received the Riggs Award for Lifetime Achievement in International and Comparative Public Administration in 2024.

Referenced in 1 Document
Research Data
Extracted Attributes
  • Born

    1952-10-27

  • Name

    Francis Yoshihiro Fukuyama

  • Award

    Riggs Award for Lifetime Achievement in International and Comparative Public Administration (2024)

  • Education

    Harvard University (Ph.D. in Political Science), Cornell University (B.A. in Classics)

  • Occupation

    Political scientist, Political economist, International relations scholar, Writer

  • Nationality

    American

  • Notable Work

    Liberalism and Its Discontents (2022)

  • Place of Birth

    Chicago, Illinois, United States

  • Current Position

    Director of the Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy, Stanford University

Timeline
  • Born in Chicago, Illinois, United States. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia, Britannica)

    1952-10-27

  • Published the article 'The End of History?' in The National Interest. (Source: Web Search Results)

    1989

  • Published his seminal book, 'The End of History and the Last Man'. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia)

    1992-01-01

  • Published 'Trust: Social Virtues and Creation of Prosperity', modifying his earlier position. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia)

    1995-01-01

  • Began serving as Omer L. and Nancy Hirst Professor of Public Policy at George Mason University's School of Public Policy. (Source: Web Search Results)

    1996-01-01

  • Became active in the Project for the New American Century think tank. (Source: Web Search Results)

    1997-01-01

  • Began serving as a professor and director of the International Development program at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies. (Source: Web Search Results)

    2001-01-01

  • Published 'Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution'. (Source: Web Search Results)

    2002-01-01

  • Published 'America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy'. (Source: Web Search Results)

    2006-01-01

  • Became a Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University. (Source: Wikipedia)

    2010-07-01

  • Published 'The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman times to the French Revolution'. (Source: Web Search Results)

    2011-01-01

  • Published 'Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day'. (Source: Web Search Results)

    2014-01-01

  • Published 'Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment'. (Source: Web Search Results)

    2018-09-01

  • Named Director of the Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy at Stanford University. (Source: Wikipedia)

    2019-08-01

  • Published 'Liberalism and Its Discontents'. (Source: Web Search Results)

    2022-05-01

  • Received the Riggs Award for Lifetime Achievement in International and Comparative Public Administration. (Source: Summary, Wikipedia)

    2024-01-01

Francis Fukuyama

Francis Yoshihiro Fukuyama (; born October 27, 1952) is an American political scientist, political economist, and international relations scholar, best known for his book The End of History and the Last Man (1992). In this work he argues that the worldwide spread of liberal democracies and free-market capitalism of the West and its lifestyle may signal the end point of humanity's sociocultural evolution and political struggle and become the final form of human government, an assessment meeting with numerous and substantial criticisms. In his subsequent book Trust: Social Virtues and Creation of Prosperity (1995), he modified his earlier position to acknowledge that culture cannot be cleanly separated from economics. Fukuyama is also associated with the rise of the neoconservative movement, from which he has since distanced himself. Fukuyama has been a senior fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies since July 2010 and the Mosbacher Director of the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law at Stanford University. In August 2019, he was named director of the Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy at Stanford. Before that, he served as a professor and director of the International Development program at the School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University. He had also been the Omer L. and Nancy Hirst Professor of Public Policy at the School of Public Policy at George Mason University. He is a council member of the International Forum for Democratic Studies founded by the National Endowment for Democracy and was a member of the Political Science Department of the RAND Corporation. He is also one of the 25 leading figures on the Information and Democracy Commission launched by Reporters Without Borders. In 2024, he received the Riggs Award for Lifetime Achievement in International and Comparative Public Administration.

Web Search Results
  • Francis Fukuyama - Wikipedia

    Francis Yoshihiro Fukuyama (/ˌfuːkuːˈjɑːmə/; born October 27, 1952) is an American political scientist, political economist, and international relations scholar, best known for his book The End of History and the Last Man (1992). In this work he argues that the worldwide spread of liberal democracies and free-market capitalism of the West and its lifestyle may signal the end point of humanity's sociocultural evolution and political struggle and become the final form of human government, an [...] Fukuyama is best known as the author of The End of History and the Last Man, in which he argued that the progression of human history as a struggle between ideologies was largely at an end, with the world settling on liberal democracy after the end of the Cold War and the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. The book was an expansion on ideas expressed in an earlier article, "The End of History?" published in The National Interest. In the article, Fukuyama predicted the coming global triumph of [...] As a key Reagan Administration contributor to the formulation of the Reagan Doctrine,[citation needed] Fukuyama is an important figure in the rise of neoconservatism, although his works came out years after Irving Kristol's 1972 book crystallized neoconservatism. Fukuyama was active in the Project for the New American Century think tank starting in 1997, and as a member co-signed the organization's 1998 letter recommending that President Bill Clinton support Iraqi insurgencies in the overthrow

  • Francis Fukuyama | Biography, Books, The End of History and the ...

    Encyclopedia Britannica Encyclopedia Britannica Francis Fukuyama Francis Fukuyama # Francis Fukuyama Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Francis Fukuyama (born October 27, 1952, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.) is an American writer and political theorist perhaps best known for his belief that the triumph of liberal democracy at the end of the Cold War marked the last ideological stage in the progression of human history. [...] In 2001 Fukuyama became a professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, Washington, D.C. Shortly thereafter he published Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution (2002), which examines the potential role biotechnology could play in the course of human development. The work reveals the dangers of preselecting human traits, extending average life spans, and over-relying on mood-altering drugs. As a member of the President’s Council [...] Although long considered a major figure in neoconservatism, Fukuyama later distanced himself from that political movement. He also became an opponent of the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, a war he had initially supported (see Iraq War). In America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy (2006), he criticized neoconservatives and Republican Pres. George W. Bush and his administration’s policies after the September 11 attacks. In the 2008 presidential election he supported

  • Francis Fukuyama

    Francis Fukuyama is the Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow at Stanford University'sFreeman Spogli Institute for International Studies(FSI), and a faculty member of FSI'sCenter on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law(CDDRL). He is also Director of Stanford'sFord Dorsey Master's in International Policy, and a professor (by courtesy) of Political Science. [...] Francis Fukuyama received his B.A. from Cornell University in classics, and his Ph.D. from Harvard in Political Science. He was a member of the Political Science Department of the RAND Corporation, and of the Policy Planning Staff of the US Department of State. From 1996-2000 he was Omer L. and Nancy Hirst Professor of Public Policy at the School of Public Policy at George Mason University, and from 2001-2010 he was Bernard L. Schwartz Professor of International Political Economy at the Paul H. [...] Dr. Fukuyama has written widely on issues in development and international politics. His 1992 book, The End of History and the Last Man, has appeared in over twenty foreign editions. His most recent book, Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment, was published in Sept. 2018. His latest book, Liberalism and Its Discontents, was published in May 2022.

  • The End of History: Francis Fukuyama's controversial idea explained

    In 1989, a policy wonk in the US State Department wrote a paper for the right-leaning international relations magazine The National Interest entitled “The End of History?”. His name was Francis Fukuyama, and the paper stirred such interest – and caused such controversy – that he was soon contracted to expand his 18-page article into a book. He did so in 1992: The End of History and the Last Man. The rest, they say, is (the end of) history. [...] In a recent article in The Atlantic, Fukuyama, now a senior fellow and professor at Stanford University, appeared to stand firm on his central idea. He argued that those states which have eschewed liberal democracy and proclaimed it dead or dying – particularly Russia and China – remain vulnerable in two specific ways. [...] But this critique, commonly held, is largely misplaced. Fukuyama has pointed out repeatedly the failures of the US, the misguided collapsing of liberalism with neoliberalism, and – more recently – the populist nationalism of the Republican Party, which he sees as catastrophic and of a piece with parallel developments in, for instance, Tayyip Erdōgan’s Turkey and Viktor Orbán’s Hungary.

  • The Origins of Political Order - Wikipedia

    The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman times to the French Revolution is a 2011 book by political economist Francis Fukuyama. The main thesis of the book covers three main components that gives rise to a stable political order in a state: the state needs to be modern and strong, to obey the rule of law governing the state and be accountable. This theory is argued by applying comparative political history to develop a theory of the stability of a political system. The book covers several [...] | v t e Works by Francis Fukuyama | | | --- | --- | | The End of History and the Last Man (1992) Our Posthuman Future (2002) America at the Crossroads (2006) The Origins of Political Order (2011) Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day (2014) | | Wikimedia Foundation Powered by MediaWiki

Francis Yoshihiro Fukuyama (/ˌfuːkuːˈjɑːmə, -kəˈ-/; born October 27, 1952) is an American political scientist, political economist, international relations scholar and writer. Fukuyama is known for his book The End of History and the Last Man (1992), which argues that the worldwide spread of liberal democracies and free-market capitalism of the West and its lifestyle may signal the end point of humanity's sociocultural evolution and political struggle and become the final form of human government, an assessment met with criticisms. In his subsequent book Trust: Social Virtues and Creation of Prosperity (1995), he modified his earlier position to acknowledge that culture cannot be cleanly separated from economics. Fukuyama is also associated with the rise of the neoconservative movement, from which he has since distanced himself. Fukuyama has been a senior fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies since July 2010 and the Mosbacher Director of the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law at Stanford University. In August 2019, he was named director of the Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy at Stanford. Before that, he served as a professor and director of the International Development program at the School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University. Previously, he was Omer L. and Nancy Hirst Professor of Public Policy at the School of Public Policy at George Mason University. He is a council member of the International Forum for Democratic Studies founded by the National Endowment for Democracy and was a member of the Political Science Department of the RAND Corporation. He is also one of the 25 leading figures on the Information and Democracy Commission launched by Reporters Without Borders.

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