Digital Markets Act (DMA)

Extracted Attributes

• Jurisdiction

  European Union

• Primary Goal

  Fostering a fairer and more competitive digital economy

• Core Platform Services

  Search engines, intermediation, social networks, video sharing, communication, advertising, operating systems, cloud services

• Gatekeeper User Threshold

  45 million monthly active EU users

• Maximum Non-compliance Fine

  10% of worldwide turnover

• Gatekeeper Market Cap Threshold

  75 billion Euro

• Gatekeeper Business User Threshold

  10,000 active EU business users per year

• Gatekeeper Annual Turnover Threshold

  7.5 billion Euro

Timeline

• The DMA was formally adopted by the European Parliament. (Source: Web Search)

  2022-07-05

• The DMA was formally adopted by the Council of the European Union. (Source: Web Search)

  2022-07-19

• The DMA was signed into law by the Presidents of the Parliament and the Council. (Source: Web Search)

  2022-09-14

• The adopted text was published in the Official Journal of the European Union. (Source: Web Search)

  2022-10-12

• The Digital Markets Act entered into force. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2022-11-01

• The regulation became largely applicable across the EU. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2023-05-02

• The EU identified 22 services across six companies as core platform services and designated their providers as gatekeepers. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2023-09-01

• Deadline for designated gatekeepers to comply with all provisions of the Act. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2024-03-06

• Reports indicate a 250% jump in EU users for independent browsers like Aloha following DMA implementation. (Source: Wikipedia)

  2024-04-01

Digital Markets Act

The Digital Markets Act (DMA) is an EU regulation that aims to make the digital economy fairer and more contestable. The regulation entered into force on 1 November 2022 and became applicable, for the most part, on 2 May 2023. The DMA aims to ensure a higher degree of competition in European digital markets by preventing large companies from abusing their market power and by allowing new players to enter the market. This regulation targets the largest digital platforms operating in the European Union. They are also known as "gatekeepers" due to the "durable" market position in some digital sectors and because they also meet certain criteria related to the number of users, their turnovers, or capitalisation. Twenty-two services across six companies (deemed "gatekeepers") – Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, and Microsoft – were identified as "core platform services" by the EU in September 2023. These companies had until 6 March 2024 to comply with all of the Act's provisions. The list of obligations includes prohibitions on combining data collected from two different services belonging to the same company (e.g., in the case of Meta, its social network Facebook and its communication platform WhatsApp); provisions for the protection of platforms' business users (including advertisers and publishers); legal instruments against the self-preferencing methods used by platforms for promoting their own products (e.g., preferential results for Google's products or services when using Google Search); provisions concerning the pre-installation of some services (e.g., Android); provisions related to bundling practices; and provisions for ensuring interoperability, portability, and access to data for businesses and end-users of platforms. There is also provisions to ensure the end user can remove any pre-installed software. Non-compliance may lead to sanctions, including fines of up to 10% of the worldwide turnover. According to the European Commission, the main objective of this regulation is to regulate the behaviour of the so-called "Big Tech" firms within the European Single Market and beyond. The Commission aims to guarantee a fair level of competition ("level playing field") on the highly concentrated digital European markets, which are often characterised by a "winner takes all" configuration. The DMA covers eight different sectors, which it refers to as Core Platforms Services (CPS). Due to the presence of gatekeepers who, to a certain degree, affect the market contestability, the CPS are considered problematic by the European Commission: online search engines (e.g. Google Search); online intermediation services (e.g. Google Play Store, Apple's App Store); social networks (e.g. Facebook); video sharing platforms (e.g. YouTube); communication platforms (e.g. WhatsApp, Gmail); advertising services (e.g. Google Ads); operating systems (e.g. Android, iOS); cloud services (e.g. Amazon Web Services). In April 2024, Reuters reported on data from six companies which showed that in the first month after the regulations were implemented, independent browsers had seen a spike in users. The Cyprus-based Aloha Browser said users in the EU jumped 250% in March. Norway-based Vivaldi, Germany-based Ecosia and United States-based Brave have also seen user numbers rise following the new regulation.

Web Search Results

• Digital Markets Act (DMA) - European Union

  The Digital Markets Act (DMA) establishes a set of clearly defined objective criteria to identify “gatekeepers”. Gatekeepers are large digital platforms providing so called core platform services, such as for example online search engines, app stores, messenger services. Gatekeepers will have to comply with the do’s (i.e. obligations) and don’ts (i.e. prohibitions) listed in the DMA. [...] en Select your language bgбългарски esespañol csčeština dadansk deDeutsch eteesti elελληνικά enEnglish frfrançais gaGaeilge hrhrvatski ititaliano lvlatviešu ltlietuvių humagyar mtMalti nlNederlands plpolski ptportuguês roromnă skslovenčina slslovenščina fisuomi svsvenska Business, Economy, Euro Digital Markets Act (DMA) # The Digital Markets Act The Digital Markets Act is the EU’s law to make the markets in the digital sector fairer and more contestable [...] The DMA is one of the first regulatory tools to comprehensively regulate the gatekeeper power of the largest digital companies. The DMA complements, but does not change EU competition rules, which continue to apply fully. Read more What is the DMA about? Gatekeepers Legislation ## Latest News News article Fifth meeting of the Digital Markets Act High-Level Group 2 min read News article Meta commits to give EU users choice on personalised ads under DMA 1 min read News article

• The Digital Markets Act's impacts on EU users

  The Digital Markets Act is a regulation the European Union introduced in 2022 to reshape how certain technology companies design their products. The DMA includes a long list of rules, but the way those rules are implemented looks very different from company to company. For Apple, the DMA is impacting many parts of our EU users’ experience on our products — from how they download apps and make app payments, to how their Apple products work together. [...] The Digital Markets Act is a regulation the European Union introduced in 2022 to reshape how certain technology companies design their products. The DMA includes a long list of rules, but the way those rules are implemented looks very different from company to company. For Apple, the DMA is impacting many parts of our EU users’ experience on our products — from how they download apps and make app payments, to how their Apple products work together. [...] Unfair competition: The DMA’s rules only apply to Apple, even though Samsung is the smartphone market leader in Europe, and Chinese companies are growing fast. Apple has led the way in building a unique, innovative ecosystem that others have copied — to the benefit of users everywhere. But instead of rewarding that innovation, the DMA singles Apple out while leaving our competitors free to continue as they always have.

• The EU's Digital Markets Act and Digital Services Act

  The DMA regulates gatekeepers, large online platforms that control access to digital markets. These gatekeepers provide core platform services (CPS) such as online search engines, app stores, and social networks. CPS can benefit from economies of scale and network effects, connecting users with little additional margin costs while also locking in customers via the scale of online ecosystems. The act’s goal is to allow large digital platforms that hold significant or majority market share in a [...] The DMA covers companies that have a significant impact on the European internal market, provide a CPS, and enjoy an entrenched and durable position. Companies with a market capitalization of at least €75 billion and an annual turnover of €7.5 billion may be designated as gatekeepers. For that to happen, they must also provide a CPS in at least three EU countries, have at least 45 million monthly active EU users, and serve more than 10,000 active EU business users per year. The EU currently [...] The United Kingdom’s Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act gives the Competition and Markets Authority new powers to regulate unfair practices and promote competition in digital markets. The country’s Online Safety Act echoes elements of the DSA by requiring online platforms to take steps to protect users from illegal and harmful content.

• Digital Markets Act

  The DMA was formally adopted by the Parliament on 5 July 2022 and by the council on 19 July 2022, and it was signed into law on 14 September 2022 by Presidents of the Parliament and the Council, which concluded the legislative procedure. The adopted text was published in the Official Journal of the European Union on 12 October 2022, setting it to come into force twenty days after the publication, on 1 November 2022. [...] The DMA specifically targets Big Tech companies. The DMA proposed to classify certain platforms, according to their number of users, capitalisation, market power or turnover, probably including Apple, Google, Facebook and Amazon "Amazon (company)") as "Gatekeepers" making them subject to new obligations. It aims at preventing large companies from abusing their market power and to allow smaller and new players to enter the market. [...] The DMA combines quantitative and qualitative criteria in the process of designating gatekeepers. There are three criteria in the legislation:

• About the Digital Markets Act - European Union

  The Digital Markets Act is the EU’s law to make the markets in the digital sector fairer and more contestable. In order to do so, the Digital Markets Act (“DMA”) establishes a set of clearly defined objective criteria to identify “gatekeepers”. [...] The DMA entered into force on 1 November 2022 and become applicable on 2 May 2023. Within two months of that date, companies providing core platform services will have to notify the Commission if they meet the quantitative thresholds and provide all relevant information. The Commission will then have 45 working days to adopt a decision designating a specific gatekeeper. The designated gatekeepers will have a maximum of six months after the Commission decision to ensure compliance with the [...] Gatekeepers are large digital platforms providing so called core platform services, such as online search engines, app stores, messenger services. Gatekeepers will have to comply with the do’s (i.e. obligations) and don’ts (i.e. prohibitions) listed in the DMA. The DMA is one of the first regulatory tools to comprehensively regulate the gatekeeper power of the largest digital companies. The DMA complements, but does not change EU competition rules, which continue to apply fully.